The dative case is used to denote indirect objects, which are objects that indicate "to whom", or "to what" an action is done. This is very interesting, Youre a very skilled blogger. Declension/declining is when you change a words case. !!! Nominative case in Russian () It is the simplest case in the Russian language, as words do not conjugate - they have the same form and endings as in the dictionary, this is the initial form. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of blog posts and educational materials without written permission from this sites author is strictly prohibited. The conjugation of nouns by cases is called declension. For example: In Russian, the instrumental case ( ) denotes that the noun is an instrument with or by which the subject achieves an action. In this example (He reads a magazine), is the object of the verb (to read). The dative case shows the indirect object (recipient of the action) of the sentence. Unlike in English, Russian grammar uses a case system. We want to help you learn Russian. The other meaning, 'in the company of', such as "I rode with Jane", is also commanded by the instrumental case, though this requires a preposition: + inst. For example: . Cases in Russian affect nouns, adjectives, and pronouns ('I', 'me', 'my', 'your', etc). = She doesnt have a dog. There are six cases. . In Russian, direct objects go in the accusative case, and indirect objects go in the dative case. ), (fem. The same word (be it []. the Russian case system with a focus on the prepositional case, the concept of grammatical . Exercise 16 Exercise 11 Most of the letters arent too confusing, like is n, is u, etc. , , ( ). Also, once you learn how the letters (typed and cursive) look like, you will not get confused.This table on the Russian alphabet will guide you: /russian-alphabet/You will find printed letters alongside handwritten cursive letters. For example: This contrasts with the meaning of and combined with the dative case, which instead denotes location in, rather than direction to. & neut. Get creative with flashcards! (? ), = I (nom.) (p. 252), Grammar: Correlative constructions with , As you probably already know, the order of words in a Russian sentence can be rearranged without losing the meaning. Subscribe to our newsletter. Directions and Places: 31. Many learners of the Russian language struggle with Russian nouns conjugations, that is, Russian cases. Feminine 2 Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks! 1. Russian grammar cases are one of the most difficult parts of Russian grammar for foreign learners. Example: ( ? For a more complete description of gender in Russian, see Russian/Grammar/Gender. In each case, words have a form for singular and a form for plural. This case is so named because it tells us which instrument was used to complete an action (by what means). Exercise 20. (0318g) Singular and Plural of Nouns and Possessives. See the table for the questions each of them answers to, these questions will help you decide on the endings to use in nouns. If you have just started learning Russian, you can visit other sections in this website (for example, our Russian courses for beginners) before focusing on grammar. All Russian cases are given with questions. Its the way words appear in the dictionary. Russian grammar employs an Indo-European inflexional structure, with considerable adaptation.. Russian has a highly inflectional morphology, particularly in nominals (nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals). ?I think that font is too confusing and/or distracting for some beginnerslike myself.. (_____________) (________________) . If your native language still uses case system, most probably it would be called Locative. I appreciate the time and effort you put into this, but that Russian font is killing me! Terms of use But want to commentaryon few basic issues, The website taste is perfect,the articles is in reality nice : D. Good activity,cheers. = I dont have the book. , ! when you just want to describe something, name it, speak about it this is the main thing in the sentence ( ) = use nominative. The Russian genitive case loves numerals. In each lesson youll see a random Russian noun declined in singular and plural forms in all cases. Instead of trying to memorize a bunch of rules, crack the code by learning key phrases: I have a dog; I live in a house; Im from the US. In most dictionaries, nouns are given with the Genitive case ending alongside the gender, for example: , -,. We also use the genitive case to denote an absence of something. Masculine 1 The primary usage of this case is to express the act of giving something to someone, the action directed onto/towards someone/something. Everything is good in its season, and if you are reading this page now it is definitely the right time for you to become an expert in Russian language cases. the word of. That means the genitive is also used to denote the apostrophe s we use in English. While this may seem complicated and it is the case system also opens up a certain beauty to the Russian language. Anna answers the dative question /Komu/To Whom? We use the accusative case to denote the object of a sentence. Prepositions , can be used with accusative (with the meaning of direction, moving towards) and prepositional case (with the meaning of location). for numerals ending in , , , , What to do with nouns that have no Singular forms, Genitive Plural for numerals higher than 4, Examples of regular and irregular short comparatives, Expressing 'much more/less,' and 'still more/less', Money: /, , , When cannot be used with infinitive, Real and unreal conditions: general comments, Correlative constructions with , , The basic case endings of nouns and ordinary adjectives, Predictable and non-predictable conjugation, Expressing 'stand,' 'lie/lay,' and 'sit/seat/put', Telling time: the right side of the clock and the half hour, 1981,1982,1991 by R.L.Leed, A.D.Nakhimovsky, A.S.Nakhimovsky. Not being constrained so much by word order makes Russian an incredibly poetic language. . Noun endings in nominative: In this table you can find the endings of the Russian nouns for each gender (masculine, feminine and neuter). Each case answers specific questions.They only affect nouns, adjectives, and pronouns. (He likes tea.). There 6 cases in the Russian Case System. Any gender 2 ? = I live in New York. = On the table are a book and a pen. The manual consists of ten grammar lessons with explanations, translated into English. Nouns in the Instrumental Case Reflexive Verbs: 19, 20. In English, "Bob eats lunch" and "Lunch eats Bob" have different meanings. (p. 251), Grammar: c in time expressions I just learned the phrase: I want to drink beer ( ) The first sentence I spoke after that was: . Spot on with this write-up, I truly feel this site needs much more attention. to describe that something is in/inside/on/at with prepositions or , and alsoto denote the object of speech, thought, dream, dispute always with the preposition O. Russian language is not an exception: the case system is important, but knowing it perfectly won't help you much if your vocabulary is limited. In the tables below you can see the different endings of Russian adjectives for each case. - preed-LOZH-nyy puhd-YEZH. (here is), (this is) are followed by nouns in Nom.Case. = Give me 21 dollars. Unlike nouns, adjectives have no intrinsic gender, instead taking on the gender of the noun they modify. Russian sentences are more heavily based on cases than English, so they make up the bulk of mastering basic Russian. = Dasha is happy at the sun. When you say I have something in Russian, you are literally saying there is to me something. For example: Negative expressions in Russian use the negative case literally meaning not / none of something. For example: The genitive is used in numbers and quantities greater than one. **In this format, the thing that you like/dislike is the subject, and you are the recipient of the action. . The complexity lies in knowing how to decline the numbers in all cases. The gender of a word can be deduced by its nominative form. When you want to express something about someone or something, use the preposition + prepositional case. The answers are provided in the end. (_____________) (_____________) . This is a list of grammatical cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension . . This is an essential part of the Russian language because it's impossible to understand sentences and to express . But what are they? Nouns in the Instrumental Case: 18. = Ill have a glass of milk. Here are just the basics for your reference. These charts show how the endings of Russian nouns, adjectives, and pronouns change according to their grammatical case. Grammar 5Russian Case Charts. A case indicates the function of a word (object, subject, mode,). The Genitive case in Russian; The Genitive case with singular nouns In each lesson you'll see a random Russian . Location [ edit] Exercise 6 Prep.) By Yulia Amlinskaya. Modern English has largely lost its inflected case system (although personal pronouns still have three cases, e.g. with an easy steam!). and may be used as with prepositions, as without. For example: The prepositions and combined with the accusative case denote direction. Where you would use an apostrophe s (s) in English, you use the genitive case in Russian and you put the word in genitive AFTER the subject. . = I didnt have money. . For instance, if you wanted to say, "Under the rug", Russians say (pod) and then the word 'rug' in its instrumental form, since the preposition calls the instrumental case when it means 'under'. Russian has six cases, and the case of a word is denoted by suffixes (word endings) that tell you the context of the word. Exercise 17 Original videos are a great way to polish your comprehension skills! In English, the object of a sentence is indicated by context and word order, with a strict subject-verb-object (SVO) system. These cases in English are called subjective and objective, and convey the same information as the Russian nominative and accusative cases. When I started learning Russian, I had never even heard of cases and I definitely didnt know that Russian had six essential ones. For example: Go here for full declension tables by case of Russian nouns. January 9, 2023. ending: -nouns This series of lessons helps you to gain that confidence by practicing different Russian nouns in different cases. Words are said to be inflected for a grammatical category. So make sure the verb agrees in number and gender with the subject. Cases are 'called' in two main ways: when you want to use a noun in the main function of the case, or when a preposition specifically calls it. Optional homework. Nowadays, however, it's only ever called after a few prepositions, hence its name. Exercises to practice your knowledge or Russian grammar. There are 6 cases in Russian language, the first one the Nominative case is the original form of the word. (0419g) Plural of Nouns, Possessives and Adjectives. 2. ! In Russian this is, " " (pod KOV-ree-kom), where is the instrumental form of (KOV-reek), 'rug'. Each table shows the 6 Russian cases and their endings. In Russian grammar, the system of declension is elaborate and complex. Nominative is also used after am, are, is : Genitive case answers the questions ? The grammatical case indicates the role which the thing named plays in the action described. Ill probably be returning to read more,thanks for the info! Also note the common verbs used with the Genitive case. (0406g) ? Site map to denote the object of speech, thought, dream, dispute always with the preposition O. Russian Verbs of Motion //, How to Cook Okroshka Yummy Russian Food Recipes, Possessive Pronouns in Russian | Learn Russian Online, Russian Pronouns - The Number 1 Guide into Pronouns in Russian | ExpressRussian.com. For instance, + prep means 'in', as in, "I live in England". (p. 255), Word study: Dative case alone vs. + Genitive Just break it down one case at a time.. Indeed, Russian Cases is the most significant topic in Russian language, you can not move further until you figure out this. And I said yes, but that was a lie, and in fact I didn't even know what cases were. Tables of Russian adjectives. Cases Morphology And Function Russian Grammar For Beginners is friendly So much so that the genitive case decides to have a little party and go absolutely bonkers depending on what number we use. Anna answers the question /S Kem/With whom?, Nouns in this case often come after the prepositions (In), (On), and O// (About). If you need extra help, each activity has links to grammar tables. Exercise 8 Copyright www.russianforfree.com All rights reserved. Russian ( , russkij jazyk, IPA: [ruskj jzk]) is an East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia.It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family.It is one of four living East Slavic languages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages.Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus . Read our extensive article about prepositions and , (to, into, meaning direction): (to the park), (on to, meaning direction): (to go to work), (for, in support of) : (for peace), (through/across, in a moment): (across the road), (in one week), (in, meaning of location) : (in the park), (at, meaning of location): (at the concert), , , (about) : (about Irina), (together with) : (I play chess with my friend), (above) : (above the table), (under) : o (under the house), (in front of) : (in front of the mirror), (behind) : (behind the door), (next to) : (near the school), (in between) : (in between trees), (to, towards, meaning of direction): (We came up to the river), (alongside, round and round) : (Iwalkalong this street each day). It is also used for the subject of a sentence: in "Bob eats lunch", Bob is the subject of the sentence, so would be in its default nominative form. You should now understand what cases are, how many are in Russian, why theyre important, and what they do. Aspects of Russian Verbs - Imperfective and Perfective: 30. You'll find the activities divided into 3 different levels (from beginner to advanced) and every exercise consist of a 10-question . 2, 3, 4 - takes the genitive singular (any number that ends in 2, 3, or 4 also takes the genitive singular). Very nice article, exactly what I wanted to find. Russian course for beginners. Exercise 3 . . When used in sentences, the forms . (p. 244), Grammar: / vs. / , . . For nouns and adjectives in the feminine and neuter genders, the accusative declines the same for animate and inanimate objects. For that, see the pages on each case, where declination is explained more thoroughly, and exceptions and caveats to these general rules will be given. This is Ivan. Exercise 10 There are 6 cases in Russian grammar: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, and Prepositional. Confused? Numbers are part of the basic vocabulary that every student who starts studying Russian needs to know. What Are Grammatical Cases? Go here for full declension tables by case of Russian adjectives. Anna answers the nominative question K/Kto/Who? Prepositional case is used when we answer the question ? n this table you can find the endings of Russian possessive pronouns in nominative for each gender (masculine, feminine and neuter). Learning cases is such a different beast from learning other Russian vocab and phrases, partly because you have to learn a whole subset of English terms first! . This page gives brief overviews of what each of the six cases are used for, with a table summarising how to put a word in that case. The nominative case ( ) is the subject of the sentence. = In Moscow there are many tourist sites. Our course covers each of the Russian case in detail. School answers the question /Kuda/To Where? We introduce you to the Russian case system with detailed explanations on rules and exceptions.With our consolidated data you will feel confident in declension of Russian nouns, adjectives and pronouns soon! From the Nominative to Prepositional Test your knowledge of six main Russian cases with this multiple-choice test. The Russian accusative case was the first ' real ' case I learned about 5 years ago. (p. 246), Grammar: Instrumental case: linking verbs and double-object verbs . . (_______________) (_______________) . The limitless opportunities for beautiful sentence structure have definitely contributed to Russian literature becoming so well regarded and powerful to consume. Declension: 29. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific case and describes the exact situations when each case is used backed by color-coded conjugation tables (tables with endings and examples), which you can always keep handy and return to. Case Charts. (Depending on the initials letters of the word that follows, the preposition O can be pronounced Ob or Oba.). Nonetheless, Im definitely happy I found itand Ill be bookmarking and checking back often! (p. 245), Grammar: Past active participle = I am thirty three years old. Marginal cases: the meaning of Partitive and Locative: Genitive and Partitive to express 'some' Locative case: The basic case endings of nouns and ordinary adjectives The chart: The effect of spelling rules: Variants of specific endings Prep., Dat.of nouns in -, -, and -: Optional variant of Inst. (0384g) Singular and Plural of Nouns and Possessives. + acc, however, means 'into' or 'to', as in, "I'm flying to New York". = A ship is sailing in the sea. To learn more Russian grammar, or for an in-depth discussion on unique aspects of the language, order a Russian lesson with one of our expert tutors. Exercise 9 However, remember that, even though grammar is important, there are more things to take into account when learning Russian as a foreign language. Your email address will not be published. The accusative case is used for the direct object of a verb. The Russian Accusative Case: A Beginner's Guide (2023) By Ari Helderman. Accusative Singular ending for all -declension nouns is the same as their Nominative ending. It is beyond the scope of this article to discuss all the usage cases. Good day! The following tables contain the same information as above, only sorted according to word type (noun or adjective): Note that entries for the nominative singular don't describe declination rules, but rather describe gender. It features Russian courses, self-study textbooks, as well as articles on Russian grammar, Russian history and culture. The prepositional case is also called the locative case, as it was commonly used to denote a sentence's object's location or an activity. (p. 249), Grammar: Present active participles These charts show how the endings of Russian nouns, adjectives, and pronouns change according to their grammatical case. Six grammatical cases as shown below determine the last one or two letters of the noun: Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional Russian grammar tables: declension of nouns, adjectives, pronouns in the singular and plural. Genitive case. ExpressRussian.com is an educational portalfor all Russian language learners and people interested in Russian culture. = You dont like her. Because of their word endings, the cases of Russian words are much more easily identifiable than in English. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, demonstratives, most numerals and other particles are declined for two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and six grammatical cases (see below); some of these parts of speech in the singular are also declined by three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine and neuter). This test has 15 questions. = Sasha calls Andrei every day. Russian sentences are more heavily based on cases than English, so they make up the bulk of mastering basic Russian. ? Parts of speech in this Grammar are defined by the form of words, not by their meaning or use. Our course covers each of the Russian case in detail. . It collects example sentences from all over the web and tv. In our course on Russian cases we have created two lessons for each grammatical case: a one lesson for nouns and one lesson for adjectives. Nominative form is the most basic version of any noun, adjective, or pronoun in Russian. As a result, word order is typically not crucial to the meaning of a sentence in Russian. Almost all of them were borrowed from other languages, e.g. Updated on November 19, 2019 The instrumental case in Russian is an indirect case and answers the questions / (kyem/chem)with whom/with what. There are two important things to remember about the accusative case: animate objects in the masculine gender decline like the genitive case; and when using with prepositions of direction, the accusative implies motion. = She cuts the meat with a knife. (here is), (this is) are followed by nouns in Nom.Case . Thanks for your feedback! = Dmitrii and Anastasia are going to the cafe. In English, we say I feel something. In Russian, you say there is some feeling to me -. For example: In Russian, you dont say I have, but instead there are to me however many years old. = I am 18 years old. d to denote motion in a certain direction. There are six cases in the Russian language and they are all equally important to speak Russian correctly. . In the parenthesis, write the auxiliary question and define the case. With the nominative case alone you can form many simple sentences. The instrumental case is used to denote the object by which something is done. One nuance of the accusative case is that it makes a distinction of animacy. Convenient online format with all the rules usage rules explained and plenty of examples. = I didnt feel sorry for her. In English, we depend on word order to give sentences logic, but Russian cases make it possible to put words anywhere in a sentence and have it still make sense.. . For example, the thing performing a verb is denoted as such with a case, while something being counted or enumerated has a different case. I feel this is one of the most significant information for me. Finally, test your skills in the Genitive case , learn and explore more to achieve your aims in Russian grammar. Related: Russian Prepositions and A Complete Guide. live in Moscow (prep. For example: Numbers ending in five, six, seven, eight, nine, zero, and the teens end in the genitive plural. When I dont remember how a certain noun declines, I can just search and itll give me tens of examples. You will only receive one email a month with 100% news and 0% spam: Contact us . (p. 249-250), Grammar: Introducing time clauses Let me know in the comments if you have any questions! Do you want to receive news from us? This case is action packed and you can use it to communicate what you bought, love, do, etc. - tvuh-REE-teel-nyy puhd-YEZH. Quantity words: words denoting quantity take the genitive plural as well. Subscribe to our newsletter. **, Literally: Tea is pleasing to him. (_______________) (________________) . We use cases with 5 parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numerals, and participles. Everyday Russian - Free online Russian lessons Copyright 2010-2023 Part of Learn Russian 101 network. Copyright www.russianforfree.com All rights reserved. Studying a language is more than just grammar activities. Go here for a full list of Russian prepositions listed by case. This section contains enough exercises to spend hours practising. For example: The dative case ( ) is used in Russian to denote the indirect object of a sentence to whom an action or object is given. = I am helping Alexander. If English indicated the direct object by adding "oo", we could say "Bob eats lunchoo" or "Lunchoo eats Bob", and either way it would clear that Bob was doing the eating. and for 'from': people vs. places, The preposition : Instrumental vs. Genitive, The preposition : no motion vs. location contrast, Agreement for numerals ending in , Genitive Sg. . (p. 243), Grammar: Present passive participles ), , . But in order to set priorities, we have to know the best moment for each step in the learning process. . Exercise 7 = Have a good bath! , (from, out of) : (out of office), (without) : (without milk), (alongside) : (along the river), (instead of) : (instead of me), (outside of) : (outside of home), (inside) : (inside home), (far from) : (far from home), (opposite) : o a (opposite the building), (near to) : (near the river), (for the sake of) : (for the sake of success), (after) : (after school), , (in the middle of) : (in the middle of the field), (at, nearby) : (by the library), (at, at the house of) : (at Marinas place), (at possession of) : (Marina has a daughter), Russian Letters with Accents + 10 Ways to Type Them. Learn Russian Step by Step Copyright 2011-2022 Learn Russian grammar and vocabulary. So, if the noun is the subject it is put in Nominative, if it is the direct object of a verb it is put in Accusative. (On the) table answers the question /Gdye/Where? So, in the phrase "My cute dog licked your big hands", 'hands' is the object of the verb, so is in the accusative case - and therefore 'your' and 'big' would also be in the accusative. ? Our website has plenty of sections, all of them different and useful. Privacy policy Generally, this meaning corresponds to the English words to or for. For example: Some verbs are followed by the dative case. Phrases with Russian nouns in any gender and case: Exercise 1 [] Russian language has 6 cases, 3 genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter) and 2 numbers (Singular and Plural). . . The following subsections give an overview of what each case does, with summary tables of conjugation The format for these will be "X,Y Z", meaning if the word ends in X or Y, you remove the X or Y and replace it with Z. Part of Learn Russian 101 - free websites to learn Russian, Demonstrative pronouns in the Accusative case, Possessive pronouns in the Accusative case, The Instrumental case with singular nouns, Demonstrative pronouns in the Instrumental, The Prepositional case with singular nouns, Demonstrative pronouns in the Prepositional case, Possessive pronouns in the Prepositional case. Verbs of Motion with . I think you are speaking about Russian cursive (the handwritten font). Exercise 4 In the tables below you can find all noun endings for each case. Do you want to receive news from us? This declension is for feminine nouns which end in - such as , , , and . These cases in English are called subjective and objective, and convey the same information as the Russian nominative and accusative cases. Only ten nouns belong to the -declension. . Anna answers the question /Kovo/Whom? The Instrumental case has these basic functions: A. Recap. am helping this girl (dat. I could have sworn Ive been to this site before but afterbrowsing through some of the post I realized its new tome. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Decoding the 6 Russian Cases: A Beginners Guide.