km. United Nations, Dagestan, Eastern Caucasus, Western coast of Caspian Sea. Derbent is situated on the shore of Caspian Sea, at a spurs of Tabasaran Mountains - a part of Great Caucasus. Its position between the mountains and the sea illustrates the importance of its original defensive setting. Despite some loss to original fabric, including the 19th-century demolition of the south wall, much of the site has been preserved. The defence structures that were built by the Sasanians in the 5th century CE were in continuous use by the succeeding Persian, Arabic, Mongol, and Timurid governments for some fifteen centuries. Город Дербент сложился между этих двух стен и сохранил до настоящего времени свой средневековый характер. Publications World Heritage Review Series Resource Manuals World Heritage wall map More publications ... Funding World Heritage Fund International Assistance. Its defense complex impresses us with its grandeur, mightiness and power. It was the largest medieval town in the Caucasus with developed crafts and agriculture. In 1387, Timur conquered Azerbajan and Derbent shah Ibrahim I Derbendi was ready to subordinate to him. Thanks for being a regular reader! The city's protected fortifications were built in the 5th century by the Sasanian Empire, and over the centuries the city has been controlled by Persian, Arabic, Mongol, and Timurid governments. Republic of Dagestan, Russia. For the district in Konya Province, Turkey, see Derbent, Konya. © UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2020 Derbent (in Persian “darband” means “narrow gates”) is a city in the Dagestan Republic located in the narrow pass between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus, the southernmost city in Russia. These walls also extend nearly 500 m (1640 ft) into the Caspian sea itself to protect Derbent’s harbor. Derbent is situated on the western shores of the Caspian Sea, in present-day Dagestan. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus mentioned “Derbentsky pass” in the 5th century B.C. [9] Eastern Christian sources located Alexander’s Wall at the Caucasian Gates, the Caspian Gates, the Derbent Pass (in present-day Daghestan), and the Darial Pass (on the border of present-day Russian and Georgia). Today, this UNESCO site is the highlight of any visit to Derbent. It lies on the federal highway M29 (Rostov-na-Donu - Baku). Its current historic layout, street patterns, and building use are supported by historical and archaeological evidence, such as artefacts, ancient writings, old maps and plans. Isaiah 9:6,7 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counseller, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace… Its destruction began after the Russian conquest, when the growing lower part of the city of the European type, not fitting … Today, the Derbent Wall runs into territory currently flooded by the Caspian Sea and, according to a report by the 19th century British traveller Charles Edward Yate, so too is the ‘Red Snake’. In the face of a $54.3 billion two-year deficit driven by the coronavirus pandemic, the $133.9 billion budget for the fiscal year beginning Wednesday will start to build that wall up again. Based on the true story of Jordan Belfort, from his rise to a wealthy stock-broker living the high life to his fall involving crime, corruption and the federal government. Derbent is renown for its citadel (“Naryn-Kala” or “Dagh Bary” in Persian) and its imposing walls that date from the 6th century CE. This is an incredible site over 15 centuries old, set right btw the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mtns. The walls extend 500 m into the Caspian Sea to protect the harbour and the mountain wall continues 40 km west, over the mountains, defending the northern borders from warlike nomads by completely blocking the pass between the sea and the mountains. ask a question about Derbent city to our Expert, contact us by email, if you have any proposals. From the 5th century, the town rapidly grew and fortifications were constructed in order to pre… The population of Derbent is about 121,000 (2015), the area - 69.63 sq. This temple was captured by the Arabs and converted into a mosque. Derbent is the oldest cultural center of Dagestan Republic, the birthplace of its spiritual and material culture, it is where art, art crafts, written language, values of Islam and other world religions spread from. Ze zijn in stand gehouden tijdens de opeenvolgende regeringen tot de Russische bezetting in de 19e eeuw. The 7th century fortress and the city walls once provided a bulwark against invaders from the north. Imagine if you would, using a Wall of Force to cross a relatively wide chasm, then using illusion magic to make it look like there is a bridge crossing said chasm where the wall is, purposely lose concentration while the horde of whatever is half way across the chasm, lots of falling ensues. In 66-65 B.C., military expeditions to the Caucasus headed by Lucullus and Pompeus took place, one of their objectives was to conquer Derbent. It was in the position to control the traffic between Europe and the Middle East, and shield the prospering agricultural peoples of the Middle East from devastating raids of nomadic … The combination of unique monuments of history, architecture and archaeology together with wonderful nature landscapes and favorable climate make the whole region an important center of inner and international tourism. Recent conservation and partial restoration of architectural monuments have used traditional building techniques, materials and substances that correspond to the appropriate historical period. The climate in Derbent is transitional from temperate to semi-dry subtropical. The lighthouse is equipped with a lamp and modern optics whereby a signal can be viewed at a distance of 18 nautical miles. Autumn is usually long and warm; spring comes with a delay; winter is mild, the coldest month is February; summer is long and hot. La ciudadela, la ciudad vieja y la fortaleza de Derbent formaban parte del dispositivo de defensa de la frontera septentrional del imperio persa de los sasánidas, que se extendía por el este y el oeste del Mar Caspio. The average temperature in January is +3.1 degrees Celsius, in July - +24.7 degrees C. Derbent is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, not far from the mouth of the Samur River, where the Caucasian mountains come closest to the Caspian Sea and leave just a narrow, 3 km wide, line of lowland. Derbent has largely maintained its original form and provides impressive evidence of the city’s greatness and power in different historic periods over 15 centuries – Arab, Seljuk, Mongol, Timurid and Safavid periods until the 19th century when it became part of the Russian Empire. Directed by Martin Scorsese. During the 6th century, wall construction, for both the city walls and citadel, was characterized by dry armor-clad brickwork (poke and spoons) made of big rectangular blocks with ragged stone on lime mortar in its internal backfilling. Derbent resembles a huge museum and has magnificent mountains and shore nearby, and therefore possesses much touristic potential, further increased by UNESCO's classification of the citadel, ancient city and fortress as a World Heritage Site in 2003; however, instability in the region has retarded development.. For he is our peace, who has made both one, and has broken down the middle wall of partition between us; our. Movses Kagankatvatsi left a graphic description o the sack o Derbent bi the hordes o Tong Yabghu o the Wastren Turkic Khaganate in 627. The town has a sea port, and a railway station on the line Makhachkala - Baku. And when Timur asked: “Why 9 packs of everything, but just 8 slaves?” Ibrahim I Derbendi answered: “the ninth slave is me”. The main attraction - the fortress complex of Derbent. Hasta finales del siglo XIX este sitio tuvo una gran importancia en el plano estratégico. The most famous is the Wall of Derbent in modern Dagestan (Russia). Derbent (English) Дербент (Russ Durin the 5t an 6t centuries Derbent becomes an important centre for spreadin the Christian faith in the Caucasus an aw. Derbent, Russia - September 08, 2016: Gauptvahta military prison in Naryn-Kala fortress. Derbent Historical and Architectural Museum (Rzayeva Street, 7). Federal Districts: Between the parallel defence walls, the city was built with the commercial sector close to the waterfront and the residential buildings near the citadel. The defence structures that were built by the Sasanians in the 5th century CE were in continuous use by the succeeding Persian, Arabic, Mongol, and Timurid governments for some fifteen centuries. Fortifications combined with the medieval buildings of the old part of the city, the so-called Magalims, form a unique cultural landscape. Construida entre ambas murallas, la ciudad de Derbent ha conservado una parte de su estructura urbana medieval. The World Heritage property “The Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent” includes all necessary attributes demonstrating its Outstanding Universal Value, which are located inside the protected boundaries of its territory. The property that is inscribed as the Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent covers 37.658 ha and is surrounded by a 451.554-ha buffer zone. The Roman Walls which once surrounded Córdoba, Spain, were built after the Romans captured the city in 206 BC, making it part of the Roman Republic. In 1898, Derbent was crossed by the railway Petrovsk-Port (present Makhachkala) - Baku. Taking into consideration the location of monuments in vast territory, the integrity and conservation of each individual component of the World Heritage property is ensured by the approved boundaries and protected territories. Everything outside the walls … Dagestan. Historically, this position allowed the rulers of Derbent to control land traffic between the Eurasian Steppe and the Middle East. Nine of the original 14 gates survive. All rights reserved. It is a well-protected monument and you can only have a look at it from outside. The view of Derbent is great and the actual fortress itself is very well taken care of. In the late 19th century, the southern wall was demolished, and a modern city developed along the seafront and beyond the remaining wall. The walls of Sassanid Fortress Naryn-Kala in Derbent city, Republic of Dagestan Derbent. Derbent contains two walls that are located approximately 300-400 m apart and extend nearly 4 km (2.5 miles) from the mountain citadel to the Caspian Sea. Seventy-three defence towers were constructed, 46 of which were in the north wall. At this time, Dzhuma mosque was constructed. Inside, you can see preserved baths, water tanks in case of siege, and the ruins of ancient buildings. From 1846, it became part of Dagestan region. Stone, the primary building material for the walls and historic buildings, is visible throughout the site. De stenen vesting bestond uit twee parallelle muren die een barrière vormden van de kust tot aan de berg. Two walls were constructed 300 to 400 m apart, extending approximately 3.6 km from the Caspian Sea up to the citadel situated on the mountain. Derbent can claim to be the oldest occupied city in Russia, and it is the southernmost Russian city, lying only 50 km (31 miles) from the border with Azerbaijan. De oude stad werd tussen deze twee verdedigingsmuren gebouwd en heeft een deel van haar middeleeuwse structuur behouden. In 1735, Derbent became part of Iran again. Web Browser not supported for ESRI ArcGIS API version 4.10. Naryn-Kala - an ancient fortress towering over Derbent. The Roman Empire was greatly interested in the town, it organized its first expedition in 290-281 B.C. Museum of History of World Cultures and Religions (Mira Street, 3). Derbent's location on a narrow, three-kilometer strip of land in the North Caucasus between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus mountains is strategic in the entire Caucasus region. Museum “Caspian Nature” (Lenina Street, 64). Evidence was found of a fortified settlement in the region of the citadel during the 3rd century BCE and 4th century CE, which was confirmed by historical documents; Greek-Roman authors knew this settlement by the name of Albanian gate and meanwhile the ancient Armenian authors called it the Chol/Chor. The ancient city of Derbent and its defence structures are the most significant section of the strategic defence systems designed and built in the Sasanian Empire along their northern limes, and maintained during the successive governments until the Russian occupation in the 19th century. The historic core of the town with its winding narrow streets survives, although a new main street was inserted. Juma Mosque - the most ancient mosque in Russia. These buildings are owned by the state and protected under RSFSR Supreme Soviet Decree of 27.12.1991. Derbent is renown for its citadel (“Naryn-Kala” or “Dagh Bary” in Persian) and its imposing walls that date from the 6th century CE. A new stage in the development of Derbent was related to the invasion of the Arabs in the 7th century. The article describes a Muslim grave, dated 915 A.H. (1509-10 A.D.), found near the citadel of Derbent. The pass was attacked of the Scythians, Sarmats, Alans, Huns, Khazars and others. The site stands on the debris of the northern walls of Derbent’s fortress. In the early Middle Ages, struggle for the Caucasus was continued by Byzantine and Iraq. Derbent’s status as a World Heritage property and a monument of federal importance under State protection allows the conservation of all architectural objects and the archaeological and cultural layers that reflect city’s evolution. The inner park of the Naryn Kala citadel. Derbent supported tight trade ties with a lot of regions and cities in Near and Middle East, Eastern Europe - medieval authors and a lot of archaeological finds witness this fact. Museum of Carpets, Arts and Crafts located in the Armenian-Gregorian church (Rzayeva Street, 7). In the 5th century Derbent also functioned as a border fortress and the seat of a Sassanid marzban. It is affected by the Caspian Sea. According to the epitaph, the stela was erected on the tomb of Shah Vali b. Shaqil who was assigned the title of Å¡ahÄ«d al-sa‘īd (“happy martyr”). The old town of Derbent was built between these two walls. The only other practicable crossing of the Caucasus ridge was over the Darial Gorge. Las fortificaciones de piedra consistían en dos murallas paralelas que formaban una barrera desde la orilla del mar hasta la montaña. It experienced stormy historical events, attacks and destruction, decline and prosperity. De citadel, oude stad en de vestingswerken van Derbent maakten deel uit van de noordelijke linies van het Sassanidische Perzische Rijk, dat zich uitstrekte ten oosten en westen van de Kaspische Zee. In these sources, the story includes Alexander praying for two mountains to move together to close off the unclean nations. The town was the crossroads of civilizations connecting East and West, North and South. In addition, the walls are at risk by the growth of vegetation. Archaeological research is ongoing for non-excavated parts that conserve the authentic remains of the original buildings. The importance of Derbentsky pass was high, it was located in one of the most strategically important and topographically convenient points of the famous Caspian way which connected the Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia. Its ancient name, “Caspian Gates”, was first mentioned in the 6th century B.C. In 1796, during the Persian expedition, the town was captured by the Russian troops. In 1840s and later, it experienced rapid economic growth. North West | Central | Volga | South | North Caucasus | Ural | Siberia | Far East. On August 23, 1722, Peter I arrived in Derbent with a large army. The Roman Empire was greatly interested in the town, it organized its first expedition in 290-281 B.C. It was the beginning of scientific research of Derbent. All work to ensure conservation and protection of monuments within operational management is carried out in strict compliance with norms of federal and republican legislation. The site of the ancient city of Derbent has been crucial for the control of the north-south passage on the west side of the Caspian Sea since the 1st millennium BCE. Parts of the walls have been restored - so much so that in some cases new parts have been built to replace presumably missing bits. Lezgin State Music and Drama Theater named after Suleyman Stalsky. Copyright © 2007 – 2020 russiatrek.org. Derbent was an important part of the Great Silk way. September 19, 2015, the 2000th anniversary of Derbent was celebrated. This article is about the city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The walls are up to 12 meters high and 3 meters wide, and are separated by 300 to 400 meters. Он продолжал быть важным в стратегическом отношении местом вплоть до XIX в. A total of nine out of the original 14 ancient gates survive. In addition, Rui Gonzales de Clavijo mentioned another Iron gate that was located closer to the village of Derbent. Derbent turned into the main strong point of the Arab caliphate in the Caucasus and became the most important political and ideological center. The museum-reserve also takes care of the conservation of its historical and cultural heritage, regularly monitors the technical condition of the monuments and the whole territory, and provides access to the cultural interests and their participation in cultural life. National composition of Derbent population (2010): Lezgins (33.7%), Azerbaijanis (32.3%), Tabasarans (15.8%), Dargins (5.6%), Russians (3.7%), Aguls (3.2%), Armenians (1.2%), Jews (1.1%), Rutuls (0.8%), others (2.6%). Derbent Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve has the responsibility for the management of the buildings within the property that have been identified as monuments of historical and cultural heritage. Peter I paid his attention at its historical monuments. Archaeological excavations since the late 1970s have confirmed Derbent’s nearly 2,000 years of continuous history as urban settlement, the oldest in Russia and one of the most ancient in the region. Scientists and professionals who came with his escort made the first description of historical monuments. The only wall, however, so far explored by underwater archaeologists is the Tammishe Wall. Criterion (iii): The site of the ancient city of Derbent has been crucial for the control of the north-south passage on the west side of the Caspian Sea since the 1st millennium BCE. Identified threats to the site are landslides, particularly along the citadel’s steep slopes, uncontrolled development in the area near the sea, and the looting of stones by residents for personal use. The 20m walls with thirty north-looking towers are believed to belong to the time of Kavadh's son, Khosrau I, who also directed the construction of Derbent's fortress.Kevin Alan Brook. This is a must-visit for understanding the Before the mosque, there is a madrassas of the 15th century. Criterion (iv): The ancient city of Derbent and its defence structures are the most significant section of the strategic defence systems designed and built in the Sasanian Empire along their northern limes, and maintained during the successive governments until the Russian occupation in the 19th century. In 66-65 B.C., military expeditions to the Caucasus headed by Lucullus and Pompeus took place, one of their objectives was to conquer Derbent. камня, включают две крепостные стены, которые идут параллельно друг другу от берега моря до гор.