The licence holder's written animal welfare PCP should include the following preventive measures, procedures and information: monitoring, verification and corrective action procedures to ensure birds are effectively stunned and do not return to sensibility before bleeding, in the case of irreversible CAS stunning, the outcome is that the birds are dead upon exit from the container; however this should be verified through validation or documented evidence that this outcome is consistently met. Signs of effective stun include ataxia, loss of posture and wing flapping from tonic/clonic convulsions caused by the anoxia. is performed by competent personnel as per the licence holder's animal welfare PCP: frequency should include at a minimum at the startup of production, production shift changes, before each new lot of birds or rabbits or employee shift changes. The vast majority of sheep are pre-stunned in accordance with the relevant Australian Standard, and in line with State legislation (for domestic consumption) and federal legislation (for export). Some reasons for this include higher resistance from an individual bird or the bird's incorrect positioning when presented to the source of electricity. When the current passes through heart as well, either simultaneously or sequentially, this can cause cardiac fibrillation with subsequent cardiac arrest and death. As such, some people may find some of the descriptions and graphics upsetting. In Australia approximately 32 million sheep and 8 million cattle are killed in abattoirs each year for human consumption (both domestic and export). … Countries differ in the methods which have been legalised for different species or different ages, some r… Read it on the Wiley Online Library: Article | PDF. So there is a rigid adherence to strict procedure and none of hurried methods of the "production line" slaughter house. The bleeding must also be complete. All cattle killed in Australian abattoirs are restrained upright and stunned during slaughter, including tho… Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. However, it may not always provide a consistent uniform stunning concentration of CO, This may lead to a failure to stun some birds or that some birds regain consciousness prior to bleeding, For some systems in use, a more gradual increase in CO. Total dwell time will depend on class or species of poultry, average weight of birds, equipment and parameters used and whether the outcome is intended to be reversible or irreversible stunning. In order to safeguard the welfare of the birds to be killed, it is necessary for the guide to be both thorough and illustrated. Animals that are electroimmobilized are still conscious and sensible to stimuli, including pain stimuli, Therefore electrical stunning parameters should be used that can induce epileptiform seizure activity in the brain. The outcome of electrical stunning is to pass current of sufficient strength and duration through the brain to interrupt normal brain rhythmic electrical activity. And because fewer animals were injured, fewer carcasses were bruised – improving meat quality. Effective stunning is highly dependent on the voltage and especially the current amperage used: poultry are electrically stunned using sufficiently high current, voltage and length of application, the stun could become irreversible and result in the bird's death, when using lower voltages for electric wet plate stunners, there can be a higher inherent risk of electroimmobilization or ineffective stunning, in general, the higher the frequency and the lower the voltage and current amperage, the more likely the bird will return to sensibility rapidly and the higher the risk for birds that could be electroimmobilized, theoretically, the current flowing through each bird is dependent on the total amperage of current, the number of birds and the amount of resistance in each bird, in practice, divide the total current flow registered on the ammeters by the number of birds in the bath to get an approximate idea of current amperage per bird. Many countries have adopted the principle of a two-stage process for the non-ritual slaughter of animals to ensure a rapid death with minimal suffering. Meat processing plants (MPPs) produce large amounts of slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) because of the slaughtering process and cleaning of facilities. There are many methods of slaughtering the chickens. Shields, Sara J., Raj, A.B.M, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 13:281 – 299, 2010: Girasole, Mariagrazia, et al, Ital J Food Saf. evaluate various slaughtering methods with respect to stress on the fish and the quality of the flesh. Electrical - used on sheep, calves and pigs. Mechanical, electrical or gas stunning; slaughter methods and monitoring signs of unconsciousness or consciousness. The licence holder of the slaughter establishment should include written training protocols in the PCP to ensure that personnel who perform the task of stunning are able to check all animals to rule out the presence of consciousness. Different types of restraints are appropriate for different species: Cattle. The following principles apply to humane treatment of the birds for gas stunning: the gas mixtures and methods used are proven to be effective and humane, animals should not pile, vocalize, stand or fall on top of each other during the stunning process, the behaviour of birds during the induction of insensibility should be monitored, evaluated, and recorded and corrective action procedures taken for deviations, there should be an emergency back-up plan in the event of gas stunning equipment or system failure, This emergency plan should be well designed to ensure the humane treatment of the birds at all times and the prevention of prolonged periods of time that the birds are without food or water, It should include the proper use of well-maintained back-up stunning equipment. the recommended equipment settings for each size of animal that is stunned including specification of: In cases where the manufacturer's recommendations are not used, there should be documented evidence or a validation study in the establishment to support the alternative approach, the voltage and amperage are monitored, easy to see and are recorded on an ongoing basis throughout the shift, the amperage is the more important parameter to assess effective stunning, the length of time of the current is applied on the animal is measured and recorded, a backup and well maintained stunning equipment should be quickly available as a deviation procedure. The pre-stun facilities in lairage, including gondolas and automated gates to move the pigs, and the stunning chambers, pit, in addition to the post-stun facilities, should be specifically designed: for CAS stunning and for the size and weight of pigs, to avoid injury, overcrowding or unnecessary stress, to continuously measure and display the gas concentration at induction and at the point of maximum gas concentration, the time of exposure should also be displayed or indicated, so animals can be visually monitored during the induction phase for any behaviour indicating distress from adverseness to the inhaled gas (agitation and escaping behaviour), so animals can be accessed if the conveyance system fails, taking into account personnel safety, so the adjacent work area is equipped with gas-measuring equipment that continuously measure and display the gas concentrations, to provide a visible and audible warning to staff, if the gases used in stunning exceed the maximum allowed in the surrounding work area, so the concentration of gases in the work area do not exceed those permitted under provincial and/or federal OSH requirements, it is recommended to use the gondola group system for pit type of gas stunning systems since pigs are generally calmer when stunned in groups than when moved in single file to the stunner, a protocol for animal handling to be carried out by competent employees during pre-stun to minimize stress, the gas concentrations and time of exposure are documented in the PCP and selected to minimize the stress of induction of anesthesia, gas mixtures and methods that used are those proven to be effective and humane. 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