Suicide attacks by planes or boats at Okinawa sank or put out of action at least 30 U.S. warships[35] and at least three U.S. merchant ships,[36] along with some from other Allied forces. USS Cythera (PY-26) sunk after being torpedoed by German submarine off North Carolina, 2 May 1942. USS Tanager (AM-5) sunk by shore batteries off Corregidor, Luzon, Philippine Islands, 4 May 1942. PT-145 grounded in enemy waters and destroyed to prevent capture, Mindiri, New Guinea, 4 January 1944. [26], Several suicide attacks, carried out during the invasion of Leyte by Japanese pilots from units other than the Special Attack Force, have been described as the first kamikaze attacks. USS Parrott (DD-218) scrapped after being damaged beyond repair in a collision with the SS John Norton at Hampton Roads, Virginia, 2 May 1944. About 3,800 kamikaze pilots died during the war, and more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by kamikaze attacks.[2]. The B-29 also had formidable defensive weaponry, so suicide attacks against the plane demanded considerable piloting skill to be successful, which worked against the very purpose of using expendable pilots. 13 November 1942. USS Northampton (CA-26) torpedoed by the Japanese destroyer Oyashio on 30 November 1942 during the Battle of Tassafaronga and sank on 1 December 1942. Popular pages. Eight personnel were killed and 47 were wounded. Porcupine IX-126 on fire.jpg 510 × 293; … USS LST-158 sunk by aircraft off Licata, Sicily, 11 July 1943. USS Ingraham (DD-444) sunk after a collision in fog with the USS Chemung (AO-30) in the North Atlantic, 22 August 1942. [2] Kamikaze attacks were more accurate than conventional attacks, and often caused more damage. USS LSMR-194 sunk by Kamikaze attack off Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 4 May 1945. YP-74 sunk by collision, 6 September 1942. PT-321 grounded in enemy waters and destroyed to prevent capture, San Isidro Bay, Leyte, Philippine Islands, 11 November 1944. The following sources also give numbers of total ships sunk by kamikaze aircraft: Lambert (1997, 6) - 56 ships sunk Nagatsuka (1973, 205-12) - 49 ships sunk Yasunobu (1972, 171) - 49 ships sunk Ozawa (1983, 91) - 47 ships sunk Tokkou: Kyokugen no tatakai no subete (2007, 54) - 40 ships sunk USS Turner (DD-648) sunk by explosion off Sandy Hook, New Jersey, 3 January 1944. Sorry I did"t actually manage to play so long with Japan, but if it is not in a game jet, it would be nice if you add them as a new technology option. USS Truxtun (DD-229) wrecked in a gale at Chamber's Cove, Newfoundland, 18 February 1942. Aircraft Carrier, Small (CVL) USS LST-179 sunk by explosion at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 21 May 1944. The exact number of ships sunk is a matter of debate. YP-346 sunk by surface ships in the South Pacific, 9 September 1942. USS S-36 (SS-141) lost by grounding on Taka Bakang Reef, Makassar Strait, 20 January 1942. Kamikaze (神風, [kamiꜜkaze]; "divine wind" or "spirit wind"), officially Kamikaze/Shinpū Tokubetsu Kōgekitai (神風特別攻撃隊, "Divine Wind Special Attack Unit"), were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who flew suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, intending to destroy warships more effectively than with conventional air attacks. Details of Oite wreck The Oite wreck was a Kamikaze Class Destroyer and was sunk on 18th February 1944, haivng survived the first day of Operation Hailstone. USS YMS-21 sunk by a mine off Toulon, France, 1 September 1944. PT-44 destroyed by Japanese warships off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, 12 December 1942. USS PGM-7 sunk in collision in the Bismarck Sea, 18 July 1944. USS Growler (SS-215) probably sunk by Japanese warships in the South China Sea,  USS Halligan (DD-584) sunk after striking a mine off Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 26 March 1945. On 19 June 1944, planes from the carrier Chiyoda approached a US task group. YP-438 destroyed by grounding at Port Everglades, Florida, 20 March 1943. USS LST-314 sunk by German motor torpedo boats off Normandy, France, 9 June 1944. USS Henley (DD-391) sunk after being torpedoed by the Japanese submarine RO-108 off Cape Cretin, New Guinea, 3 October 1943. Many of the kamikaze pilots believed their death would pay the debt they owed and show the love they had for their families, friends and emperor. YP-97 lost due to Japanese occupation of the Philippine Islands and stricken from the Navy List, 24 July 1942. Tokkōtai pilot training, as described by Takeo Kasuga,[51] generally "consisted of incredibly strenuous training, coupled with cruel and torturous corporal punishment as a daily routine". USS Colhoun (DD-801) sunk after being hit by four Kamikaze aircraft off Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 6 April 1945. USS YMS-365 sunk by a mine off Balikpapan, Philippine Islands, 26 June 1945. USS PC-815 sunk by collision with USS Laffey (DD-724) off San Diego, California,  During 1945, the Japanese military began stockpiling hundreds of Tsurugi, Ohkas, other aircraft and suicide boats for use against Allied forces expected to invade Japan. USS Borie (DD-215) sunk as a result of damage received on the 1 November 1943 ramming of the German submarine U-405 in the North Atlantic, north of the Azores, 2 November, 1943. USS LST-318 sunk by aircraft off Caronia, Sicily, 10 August 1943. [59][60] Some persons who obeyed the policy, such as Kiyokuma Okajima, Saburo Shindo and Iyozo Fujita, were also critical of the policy. LCT(6)-1050 sunk off Ie Shima, Ryukyu Islands, 27 July 1945. PT-110 sunk after collision in Ablingi Harbor, New Britain, 26 January 1944. USS LST-359 sunk by German submarine U-870 northeast of the Azores, 20 December 1944. The U.S. Fast Carrier Task Force alone could bring over 1,000 fighter aircraft into play. USS PGM-18 sunk by a mine off Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 7 April 1945. In 1942, when U.S. Navy vessels were scarce, the temporary absence of key warships from the combat zone would tie up operational initiatives. Light rapid fire anti-aircraft weapons such as the 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon autocannons were highly effective,[32] but heavy anti-aircraft guns such as the 5"/38 caliber gun (127 mm) had the punch to blow kamikazes out of the air, which was preferable since even a heavily damaged kamikaze could complete its mission. LCT(5)-253 sunk on passage to Tarawa, 21 January 1945. by a kamikaze forward of its aft elevator on 25 October), Santee and the smaller escorts USS White Plains, Kalinin Bay and Kitkun Bay. USS LST-472 sunk by Kamikaze attack off Mindoro, Philippine Islands, 15 December 1944. 10 December 1941, and destroyed to prevent capture, 25 December 1941. 18 August 1943. 12 November 1942, and capsized while under tow off Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles, 5 December 1942. Purpose-built kamikaze planes, as opposed to converted fighters and dive-bombers, were also being constructed. LCT(5)-154 sunk, 31 August 1943. LCT(5)-30 sunk off northern France, 6 June 1944. USS Cooper (DD-695) sunk after being torpedoed in Ormoc Bay, Leyte, Philippine Islands, 3 December 1944. A final element included intensive fighter sweeps over Japanese airfields, and bombing of Japanese runways, using delayed-action bombs to make repairs more difficult.[31]. Entering a smoke stack was also said to be "effective". USS YMS-24 sunk by a mine off St. Tropez, France, 15 August 1944. USS Sturtevant (DD-240) sunk by a mine off Marquesas Key, Florida, 26 April 1942. With his superiors, he arranged the first investigations into the plausibility and mechanisms of intentional suicide attacks on 15 June 1944. LCT(5)-200 sunk off northern France, June 1944. For example, Mitsubishi Ki-67 Hiryū ("Peggy") medium bombers, based on Formosa, undertook kamikaze attacks on Allied forces off Okinawa, while a pair of Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu ("Nick") heavy fighters caused enough damage for USS Dickerson (DD-157) to be scuttled. "In our present situation I firmly believe that the only way to swing the war in our favor is to resort to crash-dive attacks with our planes. Lo, was struck by a … - To do this would… PT-311 destroyed by enemy mine, Ligurian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, 18 November 1944. USS Strong (DD-467) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese destroyer off New Georgia, Solomon Islands, 5 July 1943. USS Montgomery (DM-17) scrapped after being damaged by a mine off Palau, Caroline Islands, 17 October 1944. In 1944–45, US military leaders invented the term "State Shinto" as part of the Shinto Directive to differentiate the Japanese state's ideology from traditional Shinto practices. Eagle (PE) YP-95 destroyed by grounding at Adak, Aleutian Islands, 1 May 1944. USS Pompano (SS-181) missing east of Honshu, Japan, 3 September 1943. From this manual, pilots were told to "attain a high level of spiritual training", and to "keep [their] health in the very best condition". A pilot would dive towards his target and "aim for a point between the bridge tower and the smoke stacks". The attack, which killed 47 crewmen, took place less than two hours before the destroyer was to be relieved by another ship in … YP-387 sunk by collision, 20 May 1942. Light Mine layer (DM) The Imperial Japanese Navy's 1st Air Fleet, based at Manila, was assigned the task of assisting the Japanese ships that would attempt to destroy Allied forces in Leyte Gulf. USS YMS-30 sunk by a mine off Anzio, Italy, 25 January 1944. USS Morrison (DD-560) sunk after being hit by four Kamikaze aircraft off Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 4 May 1945. PT-193 grounded in enemy waters and destroyed to prevent capture, Noemfoor Island, New Guinea, 25 June 1944. USS PGM-17 destroyed by grounding off Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 4 May 1945. This stigma began to diminish some 50 years after the war as scholars and publishers began to distribute the survivors' stories. LCT(6)-823 sunk off Palau, Caroline Islands, 27 September 1944. USS Chevalier (DD-451) sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese destroyer and damaged in a collision with USS O'Bannon (DD-450) off Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, 7 October 1943. USS PE-56 sunk by German submarine U-853 off Portland, Maine, 23 April 1945. LCT(5)-28 sunk in the Mediterranean Sea, 30 May 1943. USS Abner Read (DD-526) sunk by Kamikaze attack in Leyte Gulf, Philippine Islands,  As a result, the special attack units are sometimes known in Japan as kamikaze tokubetsu kōgeki tai. 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