Mercerization, the treatment of cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution in order to improve the luster, hand and other properties, was named after its discoverer, John Mercer, and has been in use for some time. 0000002331 00000 n Combined scouring and desizing, The process, which may be applied at the yarn or fabric stage, involves immersion under tension in a caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution, which is later neutralized in acid. . Basic surfactant concepts; Mechanism of soil removal ; Scouring ; Solvent Systems; Machinary ; Assessment of scouring efficiency ; Bleaching. 0000002353 00000 n But the mercerisation of denim is usually carried out after the denim is woven, and so it is different from the more common method of mercerising cotton yarn. To under- stand the mechanism of mercerization, we need more detailed knowledge on the nature of the alkali-swollen state of cellulose. It has been seeing an increase in … 0000000951 00000 n The permeated caustic solution can be reused, which could offer economical benefits through the reduction of chemical use and the cost of wastewater treatment. process and the method of washing away the alkali. of mercerized cellulose II. Mercer observed that the treated fabrics shrank, had increased tensile strength, and an increased affinity for dyes. Mercerization is a process that makes cotton take dye better and increases its luster! The cotton is treated with Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda) to swell the fibers and increase the fiber's luster as well as its affinity for dye by increasing the surface area of the fiber. MERCERIZING Mercerizing is the process of treatment of cellulosic material with cold or hot caustic conditions under specific conditions to improve its appearance and physical as well as chemical properties. of mercerized cellulose II. Mercerization gives cotton woven cloth a silky luster, and is the foundation of many improved and beautiful finishes. 2 7 Combined preparatory processes Need for combined proceeses. Mercerization Process Produces Quality Fabrics. PDF | The effect of different mercerization techniques on tactile comfort properties of woven cotton fabric has been studied. 0000007471 00000 n 0000009585 00000 n �)�k�,��~�����cH�����8���p�GQV�0Ok��S��t�S{�#�:��F�hlP�9�!tf���2�~���3�$��(��Gh��wJN�~���KY_���8�����*=/BBɟ���!��O(q�,�iꣶs%�d������S�D�)"+*���A�b�x��4f=��-��Bțؿ���p�ڈ˓P&:����c�;�X+{�eو�r �G�)�mQt�Nm%�^ZB�nnc!T��������B���\��ne1,����>�MG�λu8��y�N��+|4��]7�^��#���5�����t�d[�����,�B������ UOr h�`j�)G��������!�4��{��~nj�r�^��XU]�� Gray mercerization is carried out in the very first stage of the whole process, i.e. The process was devised about 1844 by John Mercer who treated cotton with solutions of 55–65 ° Twaddell scale (20–30%) sodium hydroxide followed by washing. SCOURING Introduction Mercerization is a process to treat cellulosic fibres under tension using a strong caustic sod solution. The mercerization is a chemical-physical treatment. The objectives of this study were:(i)to determine the optimum conditions under which cotton-man-made cellulosic blends can bemercerized, and (ii)to study the influence of mercerization and degree of stretch on the In dry mercerization, the process is carried out while drying the fabric on a stenter. The cold mercerization process which carries handling thread or cloth. Combined scouring and desizing, endobj Mercerization process and apparatus Download PDF Info Publication number US4520520A. Mercerization is a process that makes cotton take dye better and increases its luster! Kapok (sometimes NH3, LiOH or KOH being used) The process did not become popular until Horace. <> <> Continuous Mercerization Process Rationale There are three major features that make this process viable. Merecerization treatment for cotton yarn fibers is very essential process to increase the luster, tensile strength and enhancement their dyability. Purification of bacterial cellulose through mercerization process was conducted to increase its mechanical strength so that the 0000003419 00000 n <> US1482076A US616606A US61660623A US1482076A US 1482076 A US1482076 A US 1482076A US 616606 A US616606 A US 616606A US 61660623 A US61660623 A US 61660623A US 1482076 A US1482076 A US 1482076A Authority US United States Prior art keywords fabric thiocyanate treatment alkali solution Prior art date 1923-02-02 … Mercerization is a treatment of cotton with a strong alkali solution in order to improve luster, dimensional stability, dye affinity, chemical reactivity, tensile strength, and smoothness of the cotton fabrics. Meagre quantitative information on these aspects is available in literature. ... of t he fibres in the fabric d uring swelling process 11. In the traditional mercerization process, cotton yarn or fabric is treated with sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), which converts the native type I cellulose to type II. 0000001491 00000 n 4 0 obj Fabric is passed for 4-5 minutes. endstream 0000003441 00000 n US4520520A US06/462,909 US46290983A US4520520A US 4520520 A US4520520 A US 4520520A US 46290983 A US46290983 A US 46290983A US 4520520 A US4520520 A US 4520520A Authority US United States Patent 4520520 ... Download PDF 4520520 PDF help. 0000010602 00000 n x��VKo�0�9����@�Zr;�=�:,�u7�[cN��I��#)ٖ���H�ȏ�GZ�G�4�>+PJ�2�4=�n��{�ͱ���X�RE0[��3�M��ss���� np^�z-��_0�Fm�ݚР��D cÈ�Η�XK�ш�aK0F�h�����*�����r�-7~����2 �2 Mercerizing Definition : It is a treatment for cotton articles and/or natural fibres composed by cellulose in a concentrated solution of caustic soda (300 g/l), under tension and ambient temperature. Mercerization process: Caustic sol – 150gpl. Fabric is passed through a solution which contains 23% NaOH at room temperature. T�@��S�@؉~��n\�y�(.���X����bE��@q(�������$R�+,�է�i>��'�Ҡ�| �CP)=���j���1R����S��A)�p'�g7�N'I��I�Ŀ��K_�Ǥ�_@�_����wcֱ@��T���e)TT��rP�0]�^�m[�ZyVAWK��f�V���X)�ւϭ�҆���W;Q߅�LçAv=���]��� �oˠ�U�o���v��.����o �� $����\GS}H����mI.��;j����_�%9�-)TlI�4p["�h�:�)f�g@s����J��ǁ��\K|�%o@K�?��@r���I�Az�Bz�Cz��_ �wį���q'V�`��X=ϥ�ŧħ�g�����W�O�O��ģ���1��K�+�!ek���J���b�xD�H������5���k�¼�|�}��m����28㌱AA��� The improved lustre of mercerised cotton is due to the production of nearly circular cotton fibres under tension. Here we have the whole process of mercerization. This increases the luster while also strengthening the thread. 0000010668 00000 n Mercerizing is a continuous process. Mercerization is carried out on yarns, fabrics or open or tubular knits. The high hollowness of fiber makes it possess excellent moisture absorption and warmth capability3. mercerization process. NPTEL provides E-learning through online Web and Video courses various streams. This reused NaOH can be added to 6 M concentration. 0000008447 00000 n 0000005421 00000 n Keywords: recovery, caustic soda, mercerization, ceramic membrane, combined membrane filtration 1 INTRODUCTION General industrial textile processes consist of pretreatment, desizing, scouring, … �j�j��Z�ހ�K�� Another characteristic feature is the untwisting (deconvolution) of the cotton hair. 4@�bYq����a�����8vB��X��;c�K�0!l��y69��ө~�Y@���t�j�i�l(ٙfb5=��f�gt��h����.�Pm-���:x�\_h�������m4�71mu���,w��̕_m��Y�h�_{I���.��]�µ�@|���e�e�W��ሳ�C�]���qd��F�ّy0�����=Cį�QۆU[4��`�]H���G��t{�y�������g��3J B3��ϼ^�:�8$�����!1��m������!R�ҭq}�����N�zM3�3�� ��W� endstream endobj 112 0 obj 898 endobj 113 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 112 0 R >> stream In this mercerizing process fiber become untwists and swells, lumen becomes rounder in cross-section and it gains luster. A. Lowe improved it into its modern form in 1890. Mercerizing is a continuous process. 0000004419 00000 n Mercerization was achieved in a 20% wt NaOH solution, and the cellulosic pulp was suspended and vigorously mixed for 1, 2 and 3 h, at 50 °C. In this study, 100% cotton woven fabrics having three different patterns are mercerized by chained mercerizing machine. Mechanism of mercerization and effect of different parameters on mercerization When applied according to the development perfected in England by Horace Arthur Lowe (1869-1930) from Heaton Moor in Lancaster, who in 1889 filed 2 patents, then resumed and developed by the Germans Thomas and Prevost in Krefeld (North Rhine -Westphalia). Physico-chemical properties of bacterial cellulose enable to be used as matrix in producing artificial bone material. Analysis of mercerization process based on the intensity change of deconvoluted resonances of 13C CP/MAS NMR: Cellulose mercerized under cooling and non-cooling conditions. The de-twisting unit removes twist from fabric during feeding. Mercerized yarns and threads have a silky, vibrant look that sets them apart from non-mercerized materials. x��|[E�/>s���,�r�l�w[�e˖{�=�c�wR!� ! �@�����@,�t�$��]I� � ���$x�&0+0�0\bHa0hg�n`��� ,��`� ����� �O(���N ��01p�(�L"��S�f Mercerization is a process applied to cotton and sometimes to cotton blends to increase lustre (thus also enhancing appearance), to improve strength, and to improve their affinity for dyes. endobj Fabric is passed through a solution which contains 23% NaOH at room temperature. trailer << /Size 132 /Info 101 0 R /Root 103 0 R /Prev 1329046 /ID[<6fb00626958a778daec47cc725731770><6fb00626958a778daec47cc725731770>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 103 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 100 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs /PageLayout /SinglePage /OpenAction 104 0 R >> endobj 104 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 105 0 R /FitH -32768 ] >> endobj 130 0 obj << /S 108 /T 232 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 131 0 R >> stream 2 7 Combined preparatory processes Need for combined proceeses. ABSTRACT Mercerization parameters equally consistent temperature, alkali concentration, too tension were different, which play the indispensable role during the mercerization. 0000001968 00000 n Mercerization. The contaminated dilute NaOH from this process is purified by filtration process. It was originally developed and patented by a man named John Mercer in 1844. By: Brannon Smith: Single Mercerization is a process in which the yarn used to make a shirt is run through the middle of an open flame at a very high speed. Dyed cloth too undyed cloth were mercerized, too detailed comparing of a procedure parameter of tensile strength, sodium hydroxide concentration, Brightness value, temperature, wet regains. 0000002091 00000 n Set alert. mercerization, 75% is on linking’s side through the force of pull. 0000009563 00000 n 5 Mercerization Mercerization of cotton with sodium hydroxide and liquid ammonia, process parameters, effect on fibre structure and properties. A typical mercerizing process for tubular knitted fabric as follows: The mercerizing machine has a de-twisting unit, a water trough, a sodium hydroxide liquor trough, swelling unit, four washing units and a neutralizing unit. Mercerization process and apparatus . Mercerization is the process of subjecting a vegetable fiber to the action of a fairly concentrated solution of a strong base so as to produce great swelling with resultant changes in fine structure, dimensions, morphology and mechanical properties. Mercerization gives cotton a high luster^ makes it easier to dye^ and Mercerpro- duces brighter and fuller shades. 2.3 Mercerization process The following procedure conducted the merceriza-tion process: 2 gr mendong fibers were immersed in 100 ml NaOH solution (Merck) with various concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% for 2 hours at room temperature. :JvwY��eaL���Vf�t)�3z,�)���v�>W�h����_{\ This process … QWNI – 4 gpl. In the present study, the influence of the mercerization process on the acid hydrolysis of sisal pulp was evaluated. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. - Chemical, exothermic chemical per … ]�#�?��q���^�U�����y銹�?Zv�ٳ0\���W��"'-`�Y��^6�o��؋�O�Y�r�Y�G.�L%���}Nvܙ����}����?��{:H(��^FDz��6��;�;D����7����*�PU�*�*�ʂ�*>����"Y���Ս��o����IoA�v��3=c��ˉ���CC��H��u�Q��}�I�$K�zr���AR?�K��jz�0O�Q��JM���&]-ŧ���������DO�pG��)�>!N�'R$=A6�n3������F�����>W��~�y}v�ϋ��"��H�J����{������x=�E Mercerization is a pre-treatment or finishing treatment of cellulosic materials with higher concentrated Alkali (NaOH) for short period at lower temperature. This process is able to increase lustre, absorbency, strength, dye uptake and softer handle. At first fabric is hanked by the roller in a J-Box. stream %PDF-1.5 ~4'~5 The mercerization process, however, involves interaction with alkali and water mol- ecules that are not considered in simulations. Mercerization Conditions and Characterized by NIR FT Raman Spectroscopy in Combination with Multivariate Analytical Methods Heléne Almlöf Ambjörnsson,a,* Karla Schenzel,b and Ulf Germgård a Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is produced commercially in a two-stage process consisting of a mercerization stage followed by an etherification stage. Mercerization can be applied to yarns, fabrics and knit goods with proper procedure on each type of goods. Dye affinity and chemical reactivity increase. <> 3 0 obj The use of ammonia in mercerization has been known since the 1930’s and was developed commercially for fabric processing around 1970 in what was originally known as the Tedesco process, which was subsequently acquired by the Sanforized company and made well-known as the Sanfor-Set®process.The fashion appeal of so-called “flat-finish” denim resulting from Japanese ammonia … ^,�(�@� $v ��J?M�4��T�t��4M�KC*�( 0000008570 00000 n Meagre quantitative information on these aspects is available in literature. 4 6 Optical whitening agents Chemistry and application of Optical whitening agents, Mechanism of action. Mercerization is the process of treating cotton thread in a caustic solution (usually sodium hydroxide) under tension, which causes the fibers to swell. Download PDF Info Publication number US1482076A. 1 0 obj 0, `��R�M�!t�t���)!� K�M���3�ږ��������E�,͝�{��9sΙ��PB�?���deMeUudU�5'Q�jZ[:��{���C���������tM�ގ�ߴtd��~yS(!EW�{��e�W��O��/ Q�]��Bb�� )�e�Z8�����;�2��.={�����}y��E�g�{�o�#�r!��-B�. BACKGROUND Mercerizationis a process in which textiles (typical- ly cotton) are treated with a caustic (NaOH) solution to improve properties such as fiber strength, shrink- age resistance, luster, and dye affinity. Introduction to bleaching; Bleaching of cellulosic fibres with NaOCl; Bleaching with sodium chlorite; Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide; Mercerization. 102 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 105 /H [ 1140 351 ] /L 1331216 /E 107114 /N 6 /T 1329057 >> endobj xref 102 30 0000000016 00000 n The disadvantages stemming from a high content of hemicellulose in recirculated sodium hydroxide solutions used for the mercerization of cellulose in the preparation of viscose are reduced or eliminated by subjecting at least a part of the spent sodium hydroxide solution to an ultrafiltration process to remove part or all of the hemicellulose therein. endobj Effective mercerization requires the use of wetting agents. Mercerizing process consists in treatment of cellulosic materials with concentrated solutions of caustic soda at a temperature of 15 to 18°C. 1.5.1 Mercerization .