cocaine-related cues, and this measure of cue-reactivity is predictive of craving and relapse. Accordingly, we describe the development of a dot-probe measure of attentional bias for test anxiety. In previous work, cue-reactivity and attentional bias have been assessed by models that present drug-relevant stimuli (e.g., cocaine-specific Stroop task) and measure physiological and behavioral reactivity (e.g., heart rate, reaction times). It has been suggested that attentional bias measures from non-clinical populations could be more inconsistent compared to clinical ones (Mogg et al., 2000; Schmukle, 2005), although data supporting such a claim are scarce. attentional bias to threat. Within the literature, there is currently a lack of agreement as to the best way to measure attentional bias, with various measures and tasks (e.g., dot probe task, eye tracking, stroop task) being commonly used and reported to measure the same construct. However, serious issues with the task have been raised. attentional bias away from threatening stimuli, or no attentional bias at all, respectively. A wealth of research has been conducted to examine attentional biases toward body‐related information among individuals with eating pathology. Attentional bias is a key area of research in the clinical and trait anxiety literature. Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. However, because reaction Furthermore, our exclusion criterion only pertains to recent changes in psychopharmacological medication. However, there is considerable variability in the methods that have been used to measure attention and, importantly, these methods tap into different attentional processes. In test anxiety research, however, protocols and measures have yet to be reported. 22, No. Studies investigating attentional bias to food-related stimuli have employed a variety of these methods either as a sole measure of attention or in combination and A variety of methodological paradigms, including dot probe and eye movement tasks, have been used to examine attentional biases to threat in anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, little attention has been devoted to the psychometric properties of measures from these paradigms. The absence of a measure of gambling-related craving precluded the possibility to test whether both risk-taking and attentional bias were associated with the subjective experience of urge. Specifically, a number of studies have demonstrated that the traditional reaction time (RT) measure of attentional bias to threat in the dot-probe task has poor internal reliability and poor test-retest reliability. Anxiety is one of the most common forms of child psychopathology associated with persistent impairment across the lifespan. Behavioral measures have been used extensively to index attention toward threatening stimuli, and provide observable indices of the effects of attentional biases. Cognition and Emotion: Vol. Larger response This performance-based measure records re-sponse latencies of how quickly participants identify the color of different words presented on a computer screen. 1209-1227. Indeed, attentional bias for drugs has been linked with disinhibited and excessive drug-related behaviour (Field et al., 2008). Some of this variation may be due to issues with how attentional bias is measured. Attentional bias toward suicide-related and negatively valenced stimuli was measured using a modified Stroop task (Stroop, 1935). Measures Attentional bias. 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