Apparent power can be calculated as. Where the S is the apparent power, P is active power and the Q is reactive power. Later it was expanded to different types of piston engines, electric motors, turbines and other machinery. This calculator is for educational purposes. where S = Apparent power measured in VA (volt-amperes) V = Voltage. real & imaginary part.The magnitude of Complex power is called Apparent power |S|. The standard metric unit of power is the Watt. Don't have an AAC account? Enter the power factor of the load. Apparent Power. Published under the terms and conditions of the, Hi. Apparent Power, P = V x I VA "Real" power is power that does actual work - e.g: creating heat, lifting loads, etc. The formula or equations are also mentioned. For the purely inductive circuit, the power factor is zero, because true power equals zero. Cosθ = __ Active power (kW)__. Since Z = R + jX, Eq. Current (I): Enter the the current in Amperes (A). The cosine of the angle value between voltage and current is known as power factor (PF). Mathematically Average load formula ... We previously studied that voltage is the basic property of electrical circuits . Power triangle relating apparent power to true power and reactive power. https://www.pcbonline.com/. It is also the cosine of the angle of the load impedance. Power factor (PF) = (Active power in watts)/(Apparent power in volt amps) PF = VI cos ϕ / VI. Apparent Power The combination of reactive power and true power is called apparent power, and it is the product of a circuit’s voltage and current, without reference to phase angle. The formula or equations are also mentioned. The cosine of the angle value between voltage and current is known as power … The product V rms I rms is known as the apparent power S. The factor cos(θ v – θ i) is called the power factor (pf).. AC Power • The behavior of AC machines and systems are often easier to understand by working with power, rather than working with voltages and currents • Active, reactive, and apparent power apply to steady-state AC circuits with sinusoidal waveforms only – … AC Power • The behavior of AC machines and systems are often easier to understand by working with power, rather than working with voltages and currents • Active, reactive, and apparent power apply to steady-state AC circuits with sinusoidal waveforms only – cannot be used to describe the transient behaviors Learn the basics of Electrical Engineering. There are three equations available for the calculation of apparent power, P=IE being useful only for that purpose. The combination of reactive power and true power is called apparent power, and it is the product of a circuit’s voltage and current, without reference to phase angle.Apparent power is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA) and is symbolized by the capital letter S. If I’m calculating apparent power from voltage and impedance, both of these formerly complex quantities must be reduced to their polar magnitudes for the scalar arithmetic. I love how explained it by connecting it to airplanes which everyone can understand. From this active power formula for single phase, real power is the product of voltage, ampere and the cosecant of the phase angle, whereas the reactive power is the product of voltage, ampere, and sine of the phase angle. This quantity is a product of absolute value of voltage and current.Again absolute value of current is directly related to heating effect as per Joule’s law of heating. Where, P = VIcosφ and Q = VIsinφ. Apparent power in an AC circuit is the resultant of the active and reactive powers. The three phase power calculator calculates the active and reactive power current from the following parameters: Voltage (V): Enter the phase-to-phase (\(V_{LL}\)) voltage for a 3-phase AC supply in volts. Reactive power=125VAR Branch current analysis is a method used for calculating current in each branch. For instance, if I’m calculating true power from current and resistance, I must use the polar magnitude for current, and not merely the “real” or “imaginary” portion of the current. This simple multiplication makes it possible to ensure that the flow of power is sufficient to operate devices designed for a given level of power… https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/forums. Power factor calculator. Definition: The product of root mean square (RMS) value of voltage and current is known as Apparent Power. The power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load, to the apparent power in the circuit. Real power is the power actually consumed due to the resistive load and apparent power is the power the grid must be able to withstand. Knowledge of Active, Reactive and Apparent power is must for every electrical engineer, but most of the time we end up with confusion in this topic. Apparent power. Given the kW and power factor the kVA can be easily worked out. Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits, True, Reactive, and Apparent Power Worksheet, A New Line of Low-Profile, Shielded Inductors for DC/DC Converters, How to Reduce Noise in Low-Voltage Amplifier Designs, Op-Amps as Low-Pass and High-Pass Active Filters, The power dissipated by a load is referred to as, Power merely absorbed and returned in load due to its reactive properties is referred to as, Total power in an AC circuit, both dissipated and absorbed/returned is referred to as. Apparent power can be gained as an absolute value of S^, thus |S^| = S. Complex conjugate of current phasor is used because for S you need phase difference between the voltage phase and current phase. Fig (2). Apparent Power = (V load) (I load) 124 views This power is measured in kVA or MVA. The magnitude of complex power i.e. Complex Power. Solved Examples. (1.17) where P and Q are the real and imaginary parts of the complex power; that is, (1.18, 1.19) P is the average or real power and it depends on the load’s resistance R. Q depends on the load’s reactance X and is called the reactive (or quadrature) power. Essentially, this measurement is found by multiplying the applied voltage to the current generated. The real and reactive power formula for calculating the active and reactive power is given below. P = Active Power. Reactive power is a function of a circuit’s reactance (X). = W… Apparent Power Formulas: S = V I; S = √ (P + Q 2) Apparent Power = √ (True power 2 + Reactive Power 2) kVA = √kW 2 + kVAR 2; What is Complex Power ? apparant power is ? AC Power Formulas in Complex Circuits: Complex Power & Apparent Power: When there is an inductor or capacitor in a circuit, the power becomes complex power “S”, meaning it has two parts i.e. Apparent power is the combination of real power and reactive power. The actual amount of power being used, or dissipated, in a circuit is called true power, and it is measured in watts (symbolized by the capital letter P, as always). Apparent power is a function of a circuit’s total impedance (Z). S of load A = 5kVA S of load B = 5kVA . Total power in an AC circuit, both dissipated and absorbed/returned is referred to as apparent power. The current of Line 1 can be found by determining the vector difference between I R and I B and we can do that by increasing the I B Vector in reverse, so that, I R and I B makes a parallelogram. Horsepower (HP) = … Related Topics . Using the laws of trigonometry, we can solve for the length of any side (amount of any type of power), given the lengths of the other two sides, or the length of one side and an angle. It is measured in VA (volt-ampere). Power factor can range from 0 for a purely reactive load to 1 for a purely resistive load. Electrical; Apparent power; Electronics; sasikumar 2015-07-15 11:02:08. S = (Q 2 + P 2) 1/2 (1) where . In a direct current (DC) circuit, or in an AC circuit whose impedance is a pure resistance, the voltage and current are in phase, and the following formula holds: The measurement unit for apparent power is Volt-Amps (VA). String efficiency provides information about potential distribution across the string of insulators. There-phase power calculation: This “phantom power” is called reactive power, and it is measured in a unit called Volt-Amps-Reactive (VAR), rather than watts. Apparent power is the absolute value of complex power. Knowledge of Active, Reactive and Apparent power is must for every electrical engineer, but most of the time we end up with confusion in this topic. how to find >> Related Questions. Complex power is the complex sum of real and reactive powers. S = apparent power supply to the circuit (volt ampere, VA) Q = reactive power consumption in load (volt ampere reactive, VAR) P = active power consumption in load (watts, W) Apparent power is measured in volt-amperes (VA) - the AC system voltage multiplied with flowing current. Apparent Power. In single and three phase circuit the kVA formulas are: Example 1: Find the apparent power in kVA drawn by a 200 V single phase generator having 2 Amps current passing through it. What do you call the actual amount of power being used, or dissipated in a circuit? It is very conceptual and essential to understand. The apparent power (in VA) is the product of the rms values of voltage and current.. PF = cos ϕ. From this reactive power formula, the calculation of real and reactive power is different for single phase and three phase powers. To calculate the apparent power of a load, multiply the voltage drop across the load by the current drawn by the load. The current divide rule is used to find the divided current in parall... Series and Parallel arrangements are two basic configurations in which we can arrange the electrical components. Line & Phase Current and Line & Phase Voltage in Delta (Δ) Connection. One Horsepower equals to 33,000 lb. , for single phase current (A. C.) ... the power ratings table is also be considered. Most electrical systems operate by the use of apparent power. The diagonal of that parallelogram shows the vector difference of I R and I B which is equal to current in Line 1= I 1. Cosine Wave RMS 14: Power in AC Circuits •Average Power •Cosine Wave RMS •Power Factor + •Complex Power •Power in R, L, C •Tellegen’s Theorem •Power Factor Correction •Ideal Transformer •Transformer Applications •Summary E1.1 Analysis of Circuits (2017-10213) AC Power: 14 – 3 / 11 Cosine Wave: v(t) = … Formula for copper. Apparent power is a measure of alternating current (AC) power that is computed by multiplying the root-mean-square (rms) current by the root-mean-square voltage. Active Power or True power, S = V x I CosΦ W. Reactive Power, Q = V x I SinΦ VAR. If an AC power supply of 100V, 50Hz is connected across a load of impedance, 20 + j15 Ohms. Horsepower formula is given as. Apparent power is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA) and is symbolized by the capital letter S. As a rule, true power is a function of a circuit’s dissipative elements, usually resistances (R). The opposite angle is equal to the circuit’s impedance (Z) phase angle. It also happens to be the same angle as that of the circuit’s impedance in polar form. It is a calculated value of power, that is independent of the type of load. What is apparent power formula? Formula: For Single Phase t = v × i × cos(p) Figure : Series R-C Circuit Find: Z Current, IT Power Factor, pf True Power, P Reactive Power, Q Apparent Power, S Solution : 1. Example 2: Find the current drawn by 500 kVA transformer @ rated voltage 5 kV. EDIT 1: The above formula is for reactive power and not for apparent power. In parallel electrical circuits, the current doesn't remain same. Apparent power is measured in Volt Amps. Many times th... Current, Voltage, Resistance, and Power are the four basic properties of electrical circuits. For the power we "invent" a complex number that we call complex power, whose absolute value is the apparent power, and we define it as \(\bar S = \bar V \bar I^{*}\), where the asterisk represents the conjugate of the complex number that is the current in our model; the only caution remaining is that we have … Free Online calculation of electrical power and energy : formula and calculator AC POWER calculator for single phase or 3-phase system (balanced load) Active and apparent electrical power … Then calculate the current flowing through the circuit, active power, apparent power, reactive power and power … Power factor is the ratio of working power. Power factor calculator. Electrical - Electrical units, amps and electrical wiring, wire gauge and AWG, electrical formulas and motors; Related Documents . These three types of power—true, reactive, and apparent—relate to one another in trigonometric form. Definition: The power which flows back and forth that means it moves in both the directions in the circuit or reacts upon itself, is called Reactive Power.The reactive power is measured in kilo volt-ampere reactive (kVAR) or MVAR. (S = P+jQ or S=VI*) The Complex sum of Real Power (P) and Reactive Power (Q) is known as Complex Power which can be expressed like S = P+jQ and measured in terms of Volt Amps Reactive (generally in kVAR). Definition: The product of root mean square (RMS) value of voltage and current is known as Apparent Power. Physical significance of active, reactive and apparent power with their derivation is discussed below. How much power does it use? The average power is a product of two terms. Where the S is the apparent power, P is active power and the Q is reactive power. So clearly, there is a difference in result when power factor of the loads are different. Real power is the power actually consumed due to the resistive load and apparent power is the power the grid must be able to withstand. True power, reactive power, and apparent power for a resistive/reactive load. I = (500 * 1000) / (1.732 * 5k) = 57.73 Amps. Reactive Power only pulsates back and forth in the circuit.It is required to build up magnetic field in the air gap of machine. 1 Answers. (1.16) becomes. I = Current. Active power is the real power consumed in an electrical circuit. how much he should return me at t; Thanks Nadeesh Aggarwal for correcting me. We have also seen that in an AC circuit, the quantity cos(Φ) is called the power factor. The Thevenin theorem helps us to reduce the complex electrical circuits to a single voltage source and a single resistance. Electrical - Electrical units, amps and electrical wiring, wire gauge and AWG, electrical formulas and motors; Related Documents . Sum of these will arrive to 10kVA. A famous analogy is made with the glass of beer and the froth of the … Apparent Power Formulas: S = V I; Apparent Power = √ (True power2 + Reactive Power2) kVA = … Apparent power is defined as the product of current time voltage passing through an AC circuit. Power factor calculator. Remembering that apparent power is in the units of Volt-Amps we can calculate apparent power using the formula: Voltage squared divided by your total impedance. However, the voltage doesn't remain same in series components. Formula to calculate power, current and voltage in three-phase wiring (unbalanced load, different loads on each of three phases) : Pt=P1+P2+P3 P1=V*I1*cosφ1 I1=P1/(V*cosφ1) Same thing for each phase… V=P1/(I*cosφ1) Pt = total power of the circuit in watt (W) P1, P2, P3 = power of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 in watt (W) The unit of real power is watt while apparent power unit is VA (Volt Ampere) Real, reactive and apparent power comparison. |S| = (P 2 + Q 2) ½ is known as the apparent power and its unit is volt-ampere. 3.Apparent power (S): The total power delivered to the load is called apparent power or we can say the combination of real power and reactive power. Since we’re dealing with scalar quantities for power calculation, any complex starting quantities such as voltage, current, and impedance must be represented by their polar magnitudes, not by real or imaginary rectangular components. OR. Volt-amps to kW calculation formula. To calculate apparent power you do not need to use the Pythagorean Theorem because your hypotenuse was considered your impedance. Reactive Power only pulsates back and forth in the circuit.It is required to build up magnetic field in the air gap of machine. As a rule, true power is a function of a circuit’s … The product of the voltage and current is the apparent power and measured in VA (or kVA) . In complex number, S = P + j Q. And this difference will be even more apparent when there is a long list of loads involved. This quantity S is called the complex power. Method 2: Calculate individual load's apparent power using same equation above. In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power absorbed by the load to the apparent power flowing in the circuit, and is a dimensionless number in the closed interval of −1 to 1. Awesome lesson for me,,,It's very usefull for me,,,, Wow, great post! Calaculate power factor, apparent power, reactive power and correction capacitor's capacitance. Apparent Power, P = V x I VA Examine the following circuits and see how these three types of power interrelate for: a purely resistive load, a purely reactive load, and a resistive/reactive load. This page compares Real Power vs Reactive Power vs Apparent Power and mentions difference between Real Power, Reactive Power and Apparent Power.Real power is also known as true power or active power or actual power. Answer: Known: Work done = W = 300 J, Time … True power=150w "Reactive power" is power where the current is out of phase with the voltage, and the "Volts x amps" doesn't do any real work. This therefore gives us: Power Factor = Real Power/Apparent Power, or p.f. Electronic Components, A printed circuit board (PCB) is an electronic circuit used in devices to provide mechanical support and a pathway to its electronic components. A power factor of less than one indicates the voltage and current are not in phase, … There are several power equations relating the three types of power to resistance, reactance, and impedance (all using scalar quantities): Please note that there are two equations each for the calculation of true and reactive power. Real Power (Watts) Amps (A) x Volts (V) x Power … Power Factor. From Equation. The real power P in kilowatts (kW) is equal to the apparent power S in volt-amps (VA), times the power factor PF divided by 1000:. True power, reactive power, and apparent power for a purely resistive load. If i give my friend rs.4000 at a interest rate of 6% for 1 month . Another way to calculate reactive power is to calculate the inductive power and capacitive power and subtract the smaller from the larger. In a purely resistive AC circuit, voltage and current waveforms are in step (or in phase), changing polarity at the same instant in each cycle. P (kW) = S (VA) × PF / 1000. I am attaching a pic to clear all your doubts. Apparent power in an AC circuit is the resultant of the active and reactive powers. When the load is purely resistive, the power factor is 1, and the true power equals apparent power. Apparent power is a complex value and the vector sum of the … The current is simply the kVA divided by the voltage. This equation will give you a rough idea of power use in watts but is not strictly correct. Apparent power is denoted by the letter S. For this you need to take into account power factor. Perform a three-phase power calculation using the formula: P = √3 × pf × I × V Where pf is the power factor, I is the current, V is the voltage and P is the power. Apparent Power (VA) Amps (A) x Volts (V) = Volt-Amps (VA) The formula above can be used for calculating apparent power consumption in volt-amperes (VA). An 80 Ω XC and a 60 Ω resistance are in series with a 120V source, as shown in Figure. Today you'll learn the basic formu... A little website which teaches Basics of Electrical Engineering. True power, reactive power, and apparent power for a purely reactive load. (5), the power factor may be seen as that factor by which the apparent power must be multiplied to obtain the real or average power. The combination of reactive power and true power is called apparent power, and it is the product of a circuit’s voltage and current, without reference to phase angle. The unit of real power is watt while apparent power unit is VA (Volt Ampere) Real, reactive and apparent power comparison. Complex and apparent power. For establishing the expression of complex power, we have to first consider a single phase network that’s voltage and current can be represented in complex form as V.e jα and I.e jβ.Where α and β are angles that voltage vector and current vector … This equation will give you a rough idea of power use in watts but is not strictly correct. Power factor calculator. Here, the power triangle would look like a vertical line, because the adjacent (true power) side would have zero length. Apparent power (KVA) Active Power:- it is the actual power consumed or utilized in an circuit is known as active power, active power symbolized by P and measured in the unit of watts (w) . ft/min. Apparent power can be gained as an absolute value of S^, thus |S^| = S. Complex conjugate of current phasor is used because for S you need phase difference between the voltage phase and current phase. Apparent power is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA) and is symbolized by the capital letter S. Calculating for Reactive, True, or Apparent Power The power factor is the ratio of the true power to the apparent power. Power Triangle is the representation of a right angle triangle showing the relation between active power, reactive power and apparent power. Basic Formula to Calculate Apparent Power in Single and Three Phase Circuits, top 100 Basic Electrical Engineering Formulas, Current Divider Rule [Statement, Formula, Examples, and Derivation], Relationship between Resistance and Temperature, Volage Divider Rule [Statment, Formula & Examples], Formula for Voltage | How to calculate Potential Difference, Thevenin Theorem with a Step by Step Example, Basic Properties of Electrical Circuits: Voltage, Current, Resistance, Power [The Mountain Analogy], Basic Formula to calculate String Efficiency of Insulators. Problem 1: An electric machine makes use of 300 J of energy to do work in 10s. Power factor (cosΦ). The formula you use depends upon the values you are given in a circuit. This calculator is for educational purposes. The basic formula to calculate apparent power in any circuit is: S = VI. The product of V(rms), I(rms), sin of the angle between voltage and current gives apparent power. Power factor is the ratio (unitless) of true power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes). Real power is the capacity of the circuit for … Create one now. AC - Active, Reactive and Apparent Power - Real, imaginary and apparent power consumption in AC circuits; AC Circuit - Voltage, Current and Power - In an AC circuit - alternating … We call this the power triangle: (Figure below). It is defined as the average of all loads that occur on a power station for a given period of time. Here, the power triangle would look like a horizontal line, because the opposite (reactive power) side would have zero length. In a right triangle, P = adjacent length, Q = opposite length, and S = hypotenuse length. phase 2 apparent power = 70 x 230 = 16,100 VA = 16.1 kVA phase 3 apparent power = 82 x 230 = 18,860 VA = 18.86 kVA Total three phase power = 18.4 + 16.1 + 18.86 = 53.36 kVA. Similarly given the power in each phase you could easily find the phase currents. Calculating for Reactive, True, or Apparent Power. When expressed as a fraction, this ratio between true power and apparent power is called the power … For the purely resistive circuit, the power factor is 1 (perfect), because the reactive power equals zero. How to convert apparent power in volt-amps (VA) to real power in kilowatts (kW). Active Power or True power, S = V x I CosΦ W. Reactive Power, Q = V x I SinΦ VAR. Either one of these formulas will work. The mathematical symbol for reactive power is (unfortunately) the capital letter Q. In the actual calculation of apparent power, the number of volts is multiplied by the number of amps. The Power Formula is used to compute the Power, Resistance, Voltage or current in any electrical circuit. Active Power Formula. Earlier it was used to measure steam engine power output compared to the power of draft horses. If you need help understanding a particular concept or solving a particular problem, please post a question in the AAC forum. The average value of the second term in the above derived expression is zero, so … The electrical current always remains same in the series components. Reactive Power. In complex number, S = P + j Q. The relationship between kVA and kW is the power factor (pf):Single phase system - this is the easiest to deal with. This electronics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into power factor. Reactive Power. How to convert VA to kW. Active power is the real power consumed in an electrical circuit. So kilowatts are equal to volt-amps times the power factor divided by 1000. Calaculate power factor, apparent power, reactive power and correction capacitor's capacitance. Example Problem. I also like how you explained the terminology and Euler's findings with examples from your diagram. If you also know the power factor you can convert between kVA … The results of the calculation are presented in terms of volt-amperes reactive and real power. What is the solution and how to solve. 0. It has been seen that power is consumed only in resistance. The electrical resistance of the material depends on its length, area, and resistivity by the following relationship. This page compares Real Power vs Reactive Power vs Apparent Power and mentions difference between Real Power, Reactive Power and Apparent Power.Real power is also known as true power or active power or actual power. Last Modified Date: October 16, 2020 Apparent power is the combined power value that is obtained by allowing for the different values of current and voltage. These three types of power are trigonometrically related to one another. Unit VA is very small for heavy equipment and practically kVA is used instead of  VA. Apparent Power (VA) Amps (A) x Volts (V) = Volt-Amps (VA) The formula above can be used for calculating apparent power consumption in volt-amperes (VA). Electrical power is the rate per unit time at which the amount of electrical energy that is transformed to some other form of energy.Electrical Power is classified as Active Power, Reactive Power, and Apparent Power. A famous analogy is made with the glass of beer and the froth of the beer. The power factor of an AC circuit is defined as the ratio of the real power (W) consumed by a circuit to the apparent power (VA) consumed by the same circuit. For example, find the reactive power of the circuit shown in figure 4-10. We know that reactive loads such as inductors and capacitors dissipate zero power, yet the fact that they drop voltage and draw current gives the deceptive impression that they actually do dissipate power. The power taken by a circuit (single or three phase) is measured in watts W (or kW). When each component of the current that is the active component (Icosϕ) or the reactive component (Isinϕ) is multiplied by the voltage V, a power triangle is obtained shown in the figure below: The power factor is the cosine of the phase difference between voltage and current. As an example, consider a loa… As was mentioned before, the angle of this “power triangle” graphically indicates the ratio between the amount of dissipated (or consumed) power and the amount of absorbed/returned power. Apparent power, |S|: the magnitude of complex power S: volt-ampere (VA); Phase of voltage relative to current , φ : the angle of difference (in degrees) between current and voltage; φ = arg ⁡ ( V ) − arg ⁡ ( I ) {\displaystyle \varphi =\arg(V)-\arg(I)} . Physical significance of active, reactive and apparent power with their derivation is discussed below. Power factor is defined as the ratio of real power (P) to apparent power (S), and is generally expressed as either a decimal value, for example 0.95, or as a percentage: 95%. Related Topics . Power factor, cos(Φ), is an important part of an AC circuit that can also be expressed in terms of circuit impedance or circuit power. By substituting the equations for true power and apparent power in the formula for power factor, you get: Since current in a series circuit is the same in all parts of the circuit, I R equals I Z. And reactive power is watt while apparent power, P=IE being useful only for that purpose the from... For 1 month for reactive power, Q = V x I CosΦ W. power... Wiring, wire gauge and AWG, electrical formulas and motors ; Related Documents all doubts. Of two terms in a right triangle, P is active power ( measured in volt-amperes.... Are equal to the power in volt-amps ( VA ) × PF / 1000 ) Connection PF! 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Dissipated and absorbed/returned is referred to as apparent power worked out teaches Basics of electrical Engineering Wow, great!! Power measured in VA ( Volt Ampere ) real, reactive power, =. Have also seen that power is the apparent power with their derivation is discussed below between voltage and is. In series with a 120V source, as shown in Figure 4-10 of energy to work! Delta ( Δ ) Connection in watts ) to real power in kilowatts kW. Different for single phase and three phase powers reduce the complex electrical circuits watts but is strictly... I am attaching a pic to clear all your doubts the kVA by! Also happens to be the same angle as that of the true power ( measured in watts is... Cosine of the circuit for the four basic properties of electrical Engineering 1! Convert apparent power measured in VA ( or kVA ): Enter the. A vertical line, because the reactive power, Q = V x I SinΦ VAR 1 ( )... Calculate apparent power |s| S reactance ( x ) load of impedance 20... 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Lesson for me,, it 's very usefull for me,, Wow, great post use 300.