A. Funding to various correctional agencies has been cut since 9/11 and has been allocated to? Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted" is part of the____Amendment? (1) Words such as ALL, NEVER, NONE, and EVERY harden a statement and indicate there are no exceptions. The process, however, remains slow and difficult, primarily because the necessary funding is simply not available. [20] The immediate clinical management issues that should be addressed include HIV prevention counseling, referral for mental health treatment if needed, initial evaluation and staging of HIV, and referral for HIV treatment (Table 1). Option B is correct. When the court has two separate hearings for different issues in a trial, one for guilt and the other for punishment, it is called a? ___________ is/are the common denominator for most offenders in the criminal justice system? 2. Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. Prison construction is estimated to be at______a year. Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibilty is called _____________. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? As a rule, statements including these words have less of a chance of being correct. Find state Departments of Corrections for information about state and local prisons and prisoners held in these facilities. Psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, nurses, teachers and others who contract with the institution to provide services are called___________. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [20], The landmark Supreme Court Estelle v. Gamble decision in 1976, which established that all incarcerated individuals have the right to adequate healthcare, provides the constitutional mandate for HIV care and access to treatment within the correctional setting. This problem has been solved! This impacts correctional administrators' ability to? [3] The total adult population in the correctional system in the United States, including local jails, state prisons, and federal prisons, increased significantly during the 1980s and 1990s (largely as a result of the crackdown on illegal drug use), peaked in 2008, and then leveled off (or slightly decreased) (Figure 4) and (Figure 5). A. a type of sentence in which the offender must submit to intensive supervision in lieu of imprisonment, A. an opportunity to confront and cross-examine people who testify against them. Try it now. August 24, 2017. Which of the following is NOT one of them? A ________ usually interacts little with other officers and does the minimum necessary to get through the workday. A correctional officer who provides commodities to the inmate population is a called a ________. The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known as the ? Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the security staff in state correctional agencies were male. What case launched the prisoners' rights movement? Calculate the probabilities for the center as shown in parts (a), (b), and (c ), and show that intentionally fouling the Portland Trail Blazers' center is a better strategy than intentionally fouling Jamal Crawford. The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President__________________. consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. [70,71] Several studies have shown that women have an increased risk of acquiring HIV when they have sex with a male partner with HIV who is released from prison; this appears to be particularly problematic for black women in the South. What is described as the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates? In 1972, the case of__________ruled that the application of the death penalty, as it was then carried out, was unconstitutional and set aside 40 death penalty statutes. The inmates' perception that certain correctional officers have valuable skills gives rise to ___________. April 26, 2018. [7] Since the state prison population is much larger than the federal prison population, it is not surprising the number of state prisoners with HIV far outnumbers the number in federal prison (Figure 9). The torture of Iraqi prisoners occurred under President__________. Approximately_________of women were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of their arrest. A due process hearing that must be conducted to determine whether the conditions of probation have been violated is called? A person appointed by the juvenile court to serve as a special guardian for the youth being processed through thejuvenile justice system is called a? For persons with HIV, the community or parole officer can often play a key role in keeping an individual engaged in care. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoner's rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the__________? The United States Supreme Court awarded Gerald Gault all of the following rights except? One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison life ________ to life in the free community upon release. -New offenders are socialized into the prison subculture through a process known as prisonization. According to the text, which of the following statements about corrections officers' unions is true? The nation's best-known prison hospice program is the one at? This is because these offenders reside in the community rather than in jail or prison. [21], Although consensual sex, rape, tattooing, and injection drug use occur within the correctional setting, available data suggest that most persons with HIV who are incarceratedacquired HIV prior to entering prison or, for those with multiple incarcerations, between periods of incarceration. In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. The case of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania ruled that juveniles do not have? [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. An act that is a law violation only for juveniles but not for adults is referred to as a? The resources provided will help give an overview of the problems surrounding correctional suicides and . Court litigation is a very slow, expensive, and piecemeal way to reform prisons. Antiretroviral medications are expensive and insurance no longer covers these medications after conviction; annual budgets in small- to moderate-sized jails are often too small to support payment for antiretroviral medications for even a limited number of persons with HIV. Barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy within the correctional setting include high rates of substance use and mental health disorders, lack of continuity of medical care, distrust of prison-based medical care, and concerns about confidentiality and safety. Which of the following statements is true? 2015;105:e5-16. Easy Quiz 2. Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert observe that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both ________. In a study of CDC-funded HIV tests conducted in adult correctional facilities the percentage of persons newly diagnosed with HIV who were linked to HIV medical care within 90 days improved from 37.8% in 2009 to 67.5% in 2013 (Figure 14).[38]. In addition, this process is stigmatizing to the inmates with HIV and the cohorting process likely identifies them as a person with HIV. [9] The transmission of HBV within prisons could be reduced by immunizing all HBV-non-immune inmates with hepatitis B vaccine. An executive act that removes both punishment and guilt is called a __________. [27,28]Data on state prison HIV intake testing practice for 2015 showed that 15 states performed mandatory HIV testing (tested all prisoners regardless without the need for consent) and 17 states provided opt-out HIV testing (offered the HIV test and the test was performed unless the prisoner declined) (Figure 12). If appointments cannot be made in advance, make walk-in arrangements with clinical providers. Diversion has its roots in ________theory. The country of_______was known for burning people alive. "Ne'er-do-wells" were shiftless and irresponsible individuals. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? c. A national survey of a parole board members said that the most important factors in the decision to grant or deny parole was the _________. In the past, sellers had more power than buyers, but now buyers have more power than sellers. This is called__________. If you want to skip this dialog please Always allow popup windows for the online course. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender. Automatically remove your image background. The first legally chartered American custodial institution for juvenile offenders was? The "evidence" that evidence based corrections is based on is highly controversial. In addition to charging inmates housing and medical co-pay fees as a way to offset jail operations, some jurisdictions have added pay-to-stay jails. In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was _____. Juveniles can never be held in adult jails. This system called for solitary confinement at labor, with instruction in labor, morals and religion. Adult offenders are arrested; juvenile offenders are? [47] Jails and temporary detention settings pose the most challenges in terms of accessing antiretroviral therapy. John Irvin said in 1986 that the purpose of jails was rabble management. (2) Words such as SOMETIMES, MAY, GENERALLY, and POSSIBLY soften a statement and leave more room for the statement to be correct. Unfortunately, this practice limits inmates with HIV from transferring to facilities that may have unique work or school programs, and may result in persons with HIV being imprisoned far from visitors, thereby limiting or preventing visitations. Which of the following statements is true about the Pennsylvania system of confinement? The power, right or authority of a court to interpret and apply the law is called? How can one compensate for the effects of price instability when constructing cost estimates using high-low or regression techniques? The halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditional upon some form of counter-performance by the defendant is called? Persons with HIV who have incarceration periods for fewer than 7 days have the highest risk of treatment interruption; this is likely due to the chaotic nature of the jail setting, with rapid turnover, unpredictable lengths of stay, and lack of communication with regular care providers. Source: World Prison Brief: Highest to LowestPrison Population Total. It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. [11] For many inmates, the greater ability to achieve viral suppression in prison is likely influenced by access to HIV care and mental health services, a structured daily routine, and decreased use of alcohol and illicit drugs. The author of On Crimes and Punishments was? For this analysis, undetectable HIV RNA was defined as HIV RNA level of less than 500 copies/mL. January 2009:1-28. The set of norms and values among prison inmates is called? Collaborate with state and local offices administering benefit and entitlement programs to facilitate pre-release applications and benefit reinstatements. Zebulon Brockway was the first superintendent of ____________. 1 Answer/Comment. [31,34,35,36,37] One HIV testing project that included more than 33,000 inmates in four states (Florida, New York, Wisconsin, and Louisiana) identified 269 (0.8%) previously undiagnosed HIV infections, and 40% of them were among inmates whose only reported risk was heterosexual contact; this study underscores why HIV testing based only on reported risk factors will fail to identify a significant proportion of incarcerated persons with HIV. Prisonization is the process by which new inmates learn about the prison subculture. A committment to a set of agreed-upon values aimed at the improvement of the organization while maintaining the highest standards of excellence is called? [24] Other strategies include access to condoms, regulated tattoo parlors in prison, and facility-based needle exchange programs. Serious crime in the United States continues to go down but the prison poplation continues to go up. [45] Some prison-specific barriers include unauthorized medication confiscation, medication theft, medication stock-outs, and inability to access medications during lockdowns. At least_________ percent of the inmates who enter prisons eventually return to the community.
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