These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The risk of getting myocarditis from a COVID-19 vaccine is less than 1%. Kyt V, Sipil J, Rautava P. The effects of gender and age on occurrence of clinically suspected myocarditis in adulthood. Even though the studies were among the largest vaccine trials in history, they were not large enough to detect very rare complications like myocarditis that occur only a few times per million vaccinations. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Law, Y. M., Lal, A. K., Chen, S., ihkov, D., Cooper, L. T., Jr, Deshpande, S., Godown, J., Grosse-Wortmann, L., Robinson, J. D., Towbin, J. If you have concerns about COVID-19 vaccination, talk with your healthcare provider or your childs doctor, nurse, or clinic. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2116420. The review said they were all either elderly or had other health conditions. Moderna defended the use of its Covid vaccine, saying the protection it offers against severe disease, hospitalization and death outweighs the risk of myocarditis. Hromi-Jahjefendi A, Barh D, Uversky V, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Alshammeri S, Lundstrom K. Vaccines (Basel). Data were used for the most recent week not subject to reporting delays prior to the ACIP meeting. Potential cases of postvaccine myocarditis were identified based on reports . They also recover normal heart function sooner.12. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of
Unfortunately, inflammation in the heart muscle can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, shock, or death. Comparisons of the risk of myopericarditis between COVID-19 patients and individuals receiving COVID-19 vaccines: a population-based study. Among 192 405 448 persons receiving a total of 354 100 845 mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines during the study period, there were 1991 reports of myocarditis to VAERS and 1626 of these reports met the case definition of myocarditis. Most of the suspected myocarditis cases in that study developed after the second dose and were among males between 12 and 39 years old. COVID-19 is more likely than vaccines to cause myocarditis, and symptoms and outcomes are often worse. **** The risks were assessed as the number of myocarditis patients reported to VAERS that occurred within 7 days of receipt of a second dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine per million second doses administered through the week of June 11, 2021. The benefit-risk assessment was stratified by age group and sex. Getting vaccinated to prevent severe COVID-19 cuts your risk of myocarditis. Vaccinating adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 in England: a risk-benefit analysis. MMWR. COVID-19 Therapeutics: Use, Mechanism of Action, and Toxicity (Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Immunotherapeutics). Online ahead of print. The Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are available in the U.S. Dr Lopes reported receiving personal fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingleheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Merck, Pfizer, Portola, and Sanofi and receiving grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Pfizer, and Sanofi. After reports of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA vaccine recipients, which predominantly occurred in young males after the second dose, an ACIP meeting was rapidly convened to review reported cases of myocarditis and pericarditis and discuss the benefits and risks of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in the United States. Would you like email updates of new search results? Vasudeva R, Bhatt P, Lilje C, et al. According to an analysis presented by a C.D.C. Posts making claims regarding the mortality rate of children diagnosed with COVID-19-linked myocarditis are viewable here, here. When reported, the cases have especially been in adolescents and young adult males within several days after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna). Myocarditis linked with COVID-19 illness may also be more severe because these patients are usually older and have other health conditions that increase their risk of complications. Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in the USA: a cohort study in claims databases. The data that the agencies are reviewing were provided by the Canadian government. The rates of myocarditis were highest after the second vaccination dose in adolescent males aged 12 to 15 years (70.7 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), in adolescent males aged 16 to 17 years (105.9 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), and in young men aged 18 to 24 years (52.4 and 56.3 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine The vaccine product-specific EUA fact sheet should be provided to all vaccine recipients and their caregivers before vaccination with any authorized COVID-19 vaccine. [Preprint]. Some groups have a higher risk of developing myocarditis from COVID-19. Drs Barnett, Ruberg, and Smith reported receiving grants from Pfizer. Hamedi KR, Loftus G, Traylor L, Goodwin R, Arce S. Vaccines (Basel). Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. The rates of myocarditis cases were highest after the second vaccination dose in adolescent males aged 12 to 15 years (70.7 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), in adolescent males aged 16 to 17 years (105.9 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), and in young men aged 18 to 24 years (52.4 and 56.3 per million doses of the BNT162b2 . Association Between Myocarditis and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in a Large Registry. The findings from the VaST and the ACIP COVID-19 Vaccines Work Group assessments, including a summary of the data reviewed, were presented to ACIP during its meeting on June 23, 2021. Overall myocarditis rates among males in this age group were 2.97 per 100,000, which rose to 2.27 per 100,000 after the second dose. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Fleg turned his attention to the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the heart, including myocarditis. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. (Jolygon/iStock via Getty Images) The risk of developing myocarditis - an inflammation of the heart muscle - following a booster dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is low, according to new research from Israel. the date of publication. Myocarditis typically causes shortness of breath and chest pain. In addition, CDC has developed a voluntary smartphone-based online tool (v-safe) that uses text messaging and online surveys to provide near real-time health check-ins after receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted From an analysis done on just 26 medical chart-confirmed cases of myocarditis in people ages 12 to 39, the CDC scientists estimated a rate of 12.6 cases per million second doses. More information is available, Travel requirements to enter the United States are changing, starting November 8, 2021. The reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System met the case definition of myocarditis (reported cases). Estimates include cases of myocarditis, pericarditis, and myopericarditis. Dr Schlaudecker reported receiving grants from Pfizer and receiving personal fees from Sanofi Pasteur. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:977982. Data from a government agency's safety monitoring system in that month suggested a rate of 12.6 cases of heart inflammation per million in 12-to 39-year-olds. Both mRNA vaccines were authorized and recommended as a 2-dose schedule, with second doses administered 21 days (Pfizer-BioNTech) or 28 days (Moderna) after the first dose. Cordero, A., Cazorla, D., Escribano, D., Quintanilla, M. A., Lpez-Ayala, J. M., Berbel, P. P., & Bertomeu-Gonzlez, V. (2022). xVMo8#Yi~*vSh6vm";Bk+;#{7BWAl)q7MgGSs]Hg>^Dx+2
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&5ER(BBze?>M>#)V. Patone, M., Mei, X. W., Handunnetthi, L., Dixon, S., Zaccardi, F., Shankar-Hari, M., Watkinson, P., Khunti, K., Harnden, A., Coupland, C., Channon, K. M., Mills, N. L., Sheikh, A., & Hippisley-Cox, J. It is estimated there are around 2 more cases per 100,000 second vaccine doses in people under 40 who received Moderna original formulation than Pfizer original formulation. Autopsy cases may be classified as confirmed clinical myocarditis on the basis of meeting histopathologic criteria if no other identifiable cause. To meet the ECG or rhythm monitoring criterion, a probable case must include at least one of 1) ST-segment or T-wave abnormalities; 2) Paroxysmal or sustained atrial, supraventricular, or ventricular arrhythmias; or 3) AV nodal conduction delays or intraventricular conduction defects. Using either the original or the revised Lake Louise criteria. Learn more about, Feelings of having a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart. While the researchers did observe a higher risk among people that got the Moderna shot, it was still a relatively small risk. 2021 Oct 1;6(10):1202-1206. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833. Myocarditis Cases After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US. This risk should be considered in the context of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Though both complications were rare, data from Ontario show higher rates of myocarditis and pericarditis with the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine than with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, but the rates were lower for both vaccines if the spacing between receiving two doses was extended, according to a study late last week in JAMA Network Open.. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, and . Pericarditisis inflammation of the outer lining of the heart. Continued use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in all recommended age groups will prevent morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 that far exceed the number of cases of myocarditis expected. There might be a 2.5 times higher . You can review and change the way we collect information below. They suggest the rates of myocarditis after the Moderna-NIAID vaccine may be two-and-a-half times higher. The text reads: "Myocarditis is irreversible. Among recipients of either vaccine, there were only 13 reports or less of myocarditis beyond 10 days for any individual time from vaccination to symptom onset. July 5, 2022, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh a very small risk of heart complications, You can learn more about myocarditis symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment from the NHLBI, Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program, Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER), CONNECTS-Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (CONNECTS-C4R), https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-total-admin-rate-total, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001001, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01630-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-022-01677-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.046, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.01.037, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-022-02007-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.12.006, https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768211052589, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.05.21264581. Among persons with reported myocarditis after mRNA vaccination, the median age was 26 years (range=1294 years), with median symptom onset interval of 3 days after vaccination (range=0179). ACIP recommendations for all COVID-19 vaccines are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html. <>/ExtGState<>/Pattern<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
Observed cases of myocarditis reported to VAERS after Moderna dose 2, 7-day risk period (N=216)* Age group, years Females Males Cases of myopericarditis, expected Cases of . doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18505. Among 1,194 reports for which patient age was known, 687 were among persons aged <30 years and 507 were among persons aged 30 years; of 1,212 with sex reported, 923 were male, and 289 were female. Among 1,094 patients with number of vaccine doses received reported, 76% occurred after receipt of dose 2 of mRNA vaccine; cases were reported after both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. Patel, T., Kelleman, West, Z., M., Peter, A., Dove, M., Butto, A., & Oster, M. E. (2021). These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. B, For the mRNA-1273 vaccine, there were 116 reported cases of myocarditis with known date for symptom onset and dose after 78158611 first vaccination doses and 311 reported cases after 66163001 second vaccination doses. Accessed June 29, 2022, from. Yes. Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis and Viral Myocarditis Pathology. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Since April, more than 1,000 cases of inflammation of the . Another study is enrolling 500 survivors of COVID-19 to monitor their hearts for long-term effects of COVID-19, using cardiac MRI and echocardiography scans. To assess the benefit-risk balance of mRNA vaccines in adolescents and young adults, ACIP reviewed an individual-level assessment that compared the benefits (i.e., COVID-19 infections and severe disease prevented) to the risks (number of cases of myocarditis) of vaccination, using methods similar to those described previously. Specifically, the benefits per million second doses administered (i.e., the benefits of being fully vaccinated in accordance with the FDA EUA) were assessed, including 1) COVID-19 cases prevented based on rates the week of May 29, 2021; 2) COVID-19 hospitalizations prevented based on rates the week of May 22, 2021; and 3) COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths prevented based on the proportion of hospitalized patients who were admitted to the ICU or died. Were currently supporting two large studies looking at long-term effects of COVID-19, including myocarditis and other heart conditions. **** https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_5.html. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A small number of myocarditis and pericarditis cases have been reported for booster doses. Lancet. In addition, CDC has updated patient education and communication materials reflecting this information for the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna****** COVID-19 vaccines; these are important to ensure that vaccine recipients, especially males aged 1229 years, are aware of increased risk for myocarditis and to seek care if they develop symptoms of myocarditis. Based on passive surveillance reporting in the US, the risk of myocarditis after receiving mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines was increased across multiple age and sex strata and was highest after the second vaccination dose in adolescent males and young men. Higher levels of vaccination coverage can reduce community transmission, which can protect against development and circulation of emerging variants. Rates of myocarditis and pericarditis were higher with the Moderna vaccine in both males and . The most common symptoms are chest pain, fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a rapid or irregular pulse. FLEG: Yes, but this is rare, and the symptoms are usually mild. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718388430?via%3Dihubexternal icon** https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/42/2921/2293375external icon Typically described as pain made worse by lying down, deep inspiration, or cough, and relieved by sitting up or leaning forward, although other types of chest pain might occur. <>
According to the CDC, as of June 23, 2021, more than 177 million people had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S. I can't remember when I heard about the myocarditis risk with the mRNA vaccines, especially Moderna, but it was definitely by the end of 2021. Because these studies are in their early phases, the results are not ready yet. Since June 2020, ACIP has convened 15 public meetings to review data on COVID-19 epidemiology and use of COVID-19 vaccines. 3 0 obj
To describe reports of myocarditis and the reporting rates after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in the US. Expected vs. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Serious side effects are very uncommon. Incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children among US persons infected with SARS-CoV-2. A non-peer-reviewed retrospective paper, released as a pre-print, analyzed the rate of post-vaccination cardiac myocarditis in children aged 12-15 and 16-17 years who had received mRNA COVID . Trends in acute myocarditis related pediatric hospitalizations in the United States, 20072016. At that meeting, a chart showed that through early June, there was a higher rate of myocarditis among people who received Moderna than Pfizer-BioNTech about 20 per 1 million doses for. If you have already gotten the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine, or if your child has already gotten the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, its important to get the second dose unless a vaccination provider or your doctor tells you not to get it. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Chou, O., Zhou, J., Lee, T., Kot, T., Lee, S., Wai, A., Wong, W. T., Zhang, Q., Cheng, S. H., Liu, T., Vassiliou, V. S., Cheung, B., & Tse, G. (2022). Of those with myocarditis, the median age was 21 years (IQR, 16-31 years) and the median time to symptom onset was 2 days (IQR, 1-3 days). Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html, https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/work-groups-vast/index.html, https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000239?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed#d3e785, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/monitoring/cisa/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/janssen/risk-benefit-analysis.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographicsovertime, https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_3.html, https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_5.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/fully-vaccinated-people.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics, https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download, https://www.fda.gov/media/144637/download, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/index.html, https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.03.019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.035, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16420, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718388430?via%3Dihub, https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/42/2921/2293375, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Presence of 1 new or worsening of the following clinical symptoms:*, dyspnea, shortness of breath, or pain with breathing. *** Data collection for race/ethnicity of myocarditis cases is ongoing. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2218505. January 07, 2022 The risk of myocarditis after immunization with mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 raised concerns when it came to light in early 2021. Researchers Identify Four Long COVID Categories. Those who have been diagnosed with myocarditis should consult with their cardiologist (heart doctor) about return to exercise or sports. Table 2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7027e2external icon. The risk of myocarditis linked with COVID-19 illness is several times greater than the risk from vaccination, and it is often more serious.3,5,8 This is because the SARS-CoV-2 virus invades cells of the heart, plus the body generates an overactive immune response to the infection. : Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. 2023 Feb 13;11(2):432. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020432. The EUA fact sheets should be provided before vaccination; in addition, CDC has developed patient and provider education materials about the possibility of myocarditis and symptoms of concern, to ensure prompt recognition and management of myocarditis. Feelings of having a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart Myocarditis and pericarditis have rarely been reported. Its also possible that myocarditis linked with vaccination is less serious because of the younger average age and healthier status of people getting vaccinated. 2022 May 24;327(20):2019-2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.5131. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 8600 Rockville Pike Approximately 96% of persons (784/813) were hospitalized and 87% (577/661) of these had resolution of presenting symptoms by hospital discharge. Payne AB, Gilani Z, Godfred-Cato S, et al. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Health and Human Services. 23) cases per 100 000 person-days for the Pfizer-BioNTech government site. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/fully-vaccinated-people.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, ***** https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics, https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/downloadexternal icon, https://www.fda.gov/media/144637/downloadexternal icon, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/index.html, ****** https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/index.html, https://vaers.hhs.gov/faq.htmlexternal icon. The study showed males younger than 40 years old who received the Moderna vaccine were shown to have the highest rates of myocarditis, which according to the authors, may have implications for choosing specific vaccines for certain populations. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Creech reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health for the Moderna and Janssen clinical trials and receiving personal fees from Astellas and Horizon. As younger males get vaccinated, the reported rates have gone up,. 2023 Feb 1;6(2):e2253845. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2022 Jun 11;399(10342):2191-2199. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00791-7. In a comprehensive analysis of 1,626 myocarditis cases in the U.S. VAERS, Oster, et al., concluded the highest rates of VAM are concentrated in young males, as follows: 6 70.6 per million in males 12-15 years 105.9 per million in males 16-17 years 52.4 per million for Pfizer-BioNTech and 56.3 million for Moderna per million in males 18-24 years. Myocarditis related to COVID-19 vaccines seems to be caused by the bodys immune response to vaccination. Baseline incidence rates (IRs), and vaccine- and dose-specific IRs and rate differences were calculated from the cohort The SCRI calculated calendar time-adjusted IR ratios (IRR), using a 60-day pre-vaccination control period and dose-specific . Recent research about myocarditis, . The researchers found only 1 case per 71,400 vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech and 1 case per 23,800 vaccinated with Moderna. The vaccines are very effective against severe COVID-19 and protect your heart from the serious health consequences of the disease. CDC and FDA will continue to closely monitor reports of myocarditis after receipt of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and will bring any additional data to ACIP for consideration. Males under age 40 who received the Moderna vaccine were shown to have the highest rates of myocarditis, and the researchers said the study's findings support the idea of recommending. Follow-up is ongoing to identify and understand longer-term outcomes after myocarditis occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. (Pfizer) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) mRNA vaccine between December 14, 2020, and July 20, 2021. Cases have mostly occurred in adolescents and young adults under the age of 30 years and mostly in males. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. (2022). One thing we don't know is the real rate of myocarditis with the original two-dose primary series of Pfizer and Moderna. Reports of myocarditis to VAERS were adjudicated and summarized for all age groups. This outside group of experts, many of them physicians at academic medical centers, advises the CDC, but doesn't represent the agency itself.The CDC has not said if the number of cases of the . Presence of 2 new or worsening of the following clinical features: new ST-elevation or PR-depression on EKG, new or worsening pericardial effusion on echocardiogram or MRI. No other disclosures were reported. Crude reporting rates were calculated across age and sex strata. Chary M, Barbuto AF, Izadmehr S, Tarsillo M, Fleischer E, Burns MM. Ho, J. S., Sia, C.-H., Chan, M. Y., Lin, W., & Wong, R. C. (2020). Most had other health conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or obesity, that raised their risk for serious COVID-19 illness.4. "If you're focused on heart inflammation, the safer bet is to take the vaccine," said Mendel Singer at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, who helped carry out the study. Diagnostic evaluation might reveal an elevated troponin level or abnormal findings on electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (Table 1). The FDA - which generally follows the recommendations of its advisers but is not obligated to do so - is likely to authorize the Moderna vaccine for ages 6-17 soon. For persons younger than 30 years of age, medical record reviews and clinician interviews were conducted to describe clinical presentation, diagnostic test results, treatment, and early outcomes. This analysis did not include the potential benefit of preventing post-COVID-19 conditions, such as prolonged symptoms and MIS-C (6,7). According to the TGA, the current overall estimated rates for the entire population of myocarditis for Pfizer and Moderna are similar - 1.4 cases per 100,000 Pfizer doses versus 1.8 cases per 100,000 Moderna doses.
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