00. Sharpe, p.245, ISBN 0765633086. Yukio Ninagawa wrote the script and Kensuke Yokouchi directed the show. 4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars (13) $20.00 $ 20. Both are written and performed for the English dub by Sydney Forest. These distinct musical styles help the film not tie itself to a particular time period. [60] The Blu-ray release later grossed over $21.7 million from disc sales in the United States, as of April2022[update]. The first official English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service was produced by Carl Macek of Streamline Pictures at the request of Tokuma Shoten for Japan Airlines' international flights. A musical based on the film ran at the Southwark Playhouse in the UK from December 8, 2016 to January 8, 2017. Kiki's Delivery Service (, Majo no Takkybin, lit. Studio Ghibli has many memorable films, and among them Kiki's Delivery Service. A manga book series using stills from the film was published in Japan by Tokuma Shoten. The original Japanese opening theme is "Message of Rouge", and the ending theme is "Yasashisa ni Tsutsumareta", both performed by Yumi Matsutoya (credited as Yumi Arai). It was the first Studio Ghibli film released under the partnership between The Walt Disney Company and Studio Ghibli; Disney recorded an English dub in 1997, which premiered theatrically in the United States at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 23, 1998. He also incorporated a Fairlight synthesizer, the same instrument he used for Nausica of the Valley of the Wind (1984). Kadono's novel is more episodic, consisting of small stories about various people and incidents Kiki encounters while making deliveries. [55] It also grossed HK$4.04 million (US$519,000) in Hong Kong upon release there in 1990. "[64] Metacritic, another aggregator, collected 15 reviews and calculated an average rating of 83 out of 100, signifying "universal acclaim. The Region 1 DVD was released on April 15, 2003 alongside the releases of Spirited Away and Castle in the Sky. Before, I could fly without giving it a thought. [Written by MAL Rewrite] Edit Background It would've been pointless to explain, for example, how she couldn't fly because of her fight with Tombo. This dub is only available in the Ghibli Laserdisc Box Set. Although nothing important happens in this film, it is presented in a dynamic and cute way, so it can work just fine for the kid audience. Kiki's Delivery Service. [5][6] The film is based on the first two novels and has figure skater turned actress Fuka Koshiba playing Kiki. CC. Kiki sends a letter to her parents about gaining confidence through difficulties and that she has decided to make Koriko her new home. A manga book series using stills from the film was published in Japan by Tokuma Shoten. Rendezvous on the Push Broom (Dekki Burasshu de Rendezvous - )m_trahttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4VY#KikiDeliveryService #UminoMieruMachi #ATownWithAnOceanView #Ghibli #JoeHisaishi It was not sold to the general public, but was distributed as a gift for everyone in "Animage ". 'Witch's Express Home Delivery') is a 1989 Japanese animated fantasy film written, produced, and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, adapted from the 1985 novel Kiki's Delivery Service by Eiko Kadono. See production, box office & company info, A beautiful and introspective masterpiece, Kiki's Delivery Service Production Committee. - !)14. Kiki regains her flying power and manages to rescue him. Category:Kiki's Delivery Service characters. There are a number of additions and embellishments to the film's musical score, and several lavish sound effects over sections that are silent in the Japanese original. Studio Ghibli Hayao Miyazaki & Joe Hisaishi Soundtrack BOX [Box set, Limited Edition] (CD) Tokuma Japan Communications (July 16, 2014). Kiki's Delivery Service was originally intended to be a 60-minute special, but expanded into a feature film running 102 minutes after Miyazaki completed storyboarding and scripting it. by Steve Brandon. The recording session lasted from June to July 1989. While there are overt differences in demeanor between Kiki and San from Princess Mononoke, a character who is motivated by anger, both characters take control over their own lives. [28] Miyazaki and Toshio Suzuki, the producer of Ghibli, went to the author's home and invited her to the film's studio. ""I remember well the day you came to this town. Kiki's voice actor, Takayama, read the above "I'll Be All Right" in Kiki's voice. A strong and sudden gust of wind blows, and Tombo is lifted into the air and blown away hanging from the dirigible. It was adapted by Jessica Sian and directed by Katie Hewitt. The airship gets caught in the town's clock tower and a buliding across from it. Japan [1] Language. The film was re-titled Nicky la aprendiz de bruja. My Neighbor Totoro Frequently Asked Questions. My work's on the right track and I'm confident. This cameo was noted in the film's release pamphlet. In the Japanese version Jiji is voiced by Rei Sakuma, while in the English version Jiji is voiced by comedian Phil Hartman. Everything's changing. Miyazaki, busy with Totoro, looked at many directors himself, but found none he thought fit to articulate the project. I didn't want to have a 'happily ever after' ending where she achieves success in her vocation or turns into a celerity. From the legendary Studio Ghibli, creators of Spirited Away and Ponyo, and Academy Award-winning director Hayao Miyazaki, comes the beloved coming-of-age story of a resourceful young witch who. Osono and Kiki serving customers at Gtiokipnja Bakery. The film's theme song was the song by Yumi Arai. By what name was Kiki's Delivery Service (1989) officially released in India in English? As a result of the film's sponsorship and advertising efforts via TV commercials, the film sold roughly 2.64 million tickets, and the distribution revenue reached 21.5 billion yen, more than three times as much as Ghibli's previous work in My Neighbor Totoro and Grave of the Fireflies. Jiji pretends to be the toy until Kiki can retrieve the real item. This was a concession to allow Japanese audiences to understand what was written, but they were intended to be the relevant language to the setting. Studio Ghibli hired Nobuyuki Isshiki as script writer, but Miyazaki was dissatisfied by the first draft, finding it dry and too divergent from his own vision of the film. Such detail provides important background as small-town . It began immediately after Hisaishi, who had been to the United States for his solo album work, returned to Japan. Recovering her broom that has been stolen by a flying enthusiast. Yukio Ninagawa wrote the script and Kensuke Yokouchi directed the show. The name of Osono's bakery, "Guchokipanya" is a Japanese pun made from the words "guchokipa" (Rock Paper Scissors) and "pan'ya" (bakery). The film incorporates some conventions from fairy-tales such as a black cat companion for Kiki,[16] Kiki's use of a broom for flight, and her black dress. The company not only approved the use of the trademark though its permission was not required under Japanese trademark laws[1] but also enthusiastically sponsored the anime film version of the book, as the company uses a stylized depiction of a black cat carrying her kitten as its corporate logo.[2]. Critic Mark Schilling notes a scene during Kiki's first night away from home where Kiki rushes back to her room and slams the door behind her to avoid being spotted by Fukuo. Disney's English dub of the film also includes new songs in the soundtrack. In exchange for accommodation, Kiki helps Osono, the kindly owner of a bakery. 15+ services including Netflix, Hotstar, Hooq. Heartbroken Kiki (Shoushin no Kiki - ()15. In 1993, a musical version of the story was produced. Miyazaki began significantly modifying the story, creating new ideas and changing existing ones. Miyazaki began significantly modifying the story, creating new ideas and changing existing ones.[7]. These include two original songs written and performed by Sydney Forest: "Soaring" and "I'm Gonna Fly", which respectively replaced "Message of Rouge" and "Wrapped in Kindness" as the opening and ending themes. Kiki's Delivery Service (1989) Parents Guide Add to guide Showing all 9 items Jump to: Certification Sex & Nudity (3) Violence & Gore (1) Profanity (1) Frightening & Intense Scenes (2) Spoilers (2) Certification Edit Sex & Nudity None 58 of 73 found this to have none Sunao Katabuchi was scheduled to assume the director's chair, and would've been assisted by several directors at the will of the sponsoring companies. Or fastest delivery Nov 28 - Dec 1 . FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. A Town with an Ocean View (Umi no Mieru Machi - )4. The bakery and storefront can be found on the ground level, while Osono and her family's living quarters are on the second floor; they also provide a place for Kiki to stay in an old guest . [29], Miyazaki finished the rough draft of the screenplay in June 1988 and presented it in July 1988. GKIDS re-issued the film on Blu-ray & DVD on October 17, 2017. She regains her confidence, resumes her delivery service, and writes a letter home saying that she and Jiji are happy. These initial plans later fell through after Miyazaki revealed that he had decided to direct the film, because he had influenced the project so much. Followed by According to a pamphlet available during the film's release, the city where Kiki lives is called Koriko. For the film, Kiki's hair was cut short to make the workload easier for the animators. One of Osono's regular customers named Maki notices Kiki and asks her to deliver a birthday gift for her nephew Ket. 10 Best Characters From Kiki's Delivery Service, Ranked By Kacie Lillejord Published Jan 25, 2022 Kiki and Jiji are memorable characters, but their journey would have been very different if not for the many friends they made along the way. IBM e-business: jStart Program: Case studies: Web services: Yamato Transport Group. [21] Miyazaki accepted the role of producer while the studio continued to search for a director. There are a number of additions and embellishments to the film's musical score, and there are several lavish sound effects over sections which are silent in the Japanese original. [59] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it "two thumbs up"[55][66] and Ebert went on to rank it as one of the best animated films released in the U.S. in 1998. Flying Delivery Service (Sora Tobu Takkyuubin - )5. Nausicaa.net My Neighbor Totoro Frequently Asked Questions. Due to the approval of Miyazakis film My Neighbor Totoro and Takahatas film Grave of the Fireflies for production, neither Miyazaki nor Takahata was available to take up the direction of the project at the moment. In 1993, a musical version of the story was produced. I thought that girls watching this would understand the film on its own terms. In the Japanese version, Jiji is voiced by Rei Sakuma, while in the English version Jiji is performed by Saturday Night Live alumnus Phil Hartman, and also has more of a wisecracking demeanor. Studio Ghibli rejected this draft of the screenplay as a result. According to Miyazaki, the movie portrays the gulf between independence and reliance in teenage Japanese girls. A new English translation by Emily Balistrieri and illustrated by Yuta Onoda was released in hardcover by Delacorte Press on July 7, 2020. [22] Near the end of Totoro's production, members of Studio Ghibli were being recruited as senior staff for Kiki's Delivery Service. "Kiki's Delivery Service To Get A Live-Action Film Adaptation", "Live-Action Kiki's Delivery Service's Teaser Video Streamed", "Take Your First Look At Shimizu's Live Action KIKI's DELIVERY SERVICE", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiki%27s_Delivery_Service_(novel)&oldid=1134240014, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Saving a child from the ocean during a day at the beach. A few weeks later, Disney released another VHS of the movie, this time with the original Japanese soundtrack and with both English and Japanese subtitles. Fictional Koriko is, however, much larger than Visby. A bilingual Laserdisc version also became available at this time, containing English PCM Stereo and Dolby Digital 5.1 tracks and Japanese mono audio on the analog left channel. Kiki and Jiji illustrated by Akiko Hayashi from Majo no Takkybin. He begins calling relatives to inform them Kiki is leaving and soon, Kokiri fits Kiki with her purple witch's uniform. Kiki's Delivery Service [56] Later re-releases and international releases between 2004 and 2020 grossed US$10,276,218 worldwide,[57] adding up to $41,795,218 grossed worldwide as of 2020[update]. The conservative Christian group Concerned Women for America boycotted Kiki's Delivery Service screenings and released a press release on February 5, 1998, titled "Disney Reverts to Witchcraft in Japanese Animation". Gross revenue Osono's Request (Osono-san no Tanomigoto - )12. Having already been familiar with and a great admirer of some of Miyazaki's other Ghibli films, including Princess Mononoke, I turned to Kiki's Delivery Service on the recommendation of someone who suggested it as "light-hearted" fun. For example, compare the "wild geese" adventure in both versions. While trying to find somewhere to live, Kiki is pursued by Tombo, a geeky boy obsessed with aviation who admires her flying ability. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (2006-05-09), Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:35, Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnamise. Kiki's Delivery Service (, Majo no Takkybin, lit. Disney was also interested in its own live-action take on Kiki in 2005, but no developments have emerged since then. It is the basis of the 1989 Studio Ghibli anime film of the same title and of the 2014 live action film also of the same name. The first English edition was translated by Lynne E. Riggs, with cover by Irvin Cheung, retaining the original illustrations by Akiko Hayashi, and released on February 1, 2003 by Annick Press in paperback. Tales from Earthsea: Arren Therru Ged As a result, several additions from the dub appear in the subtitles regardless of whether or not they are present in the film.[20]. But now, I don't know how I did it. This video release also sold over a million copies. She also joins the aviation club, Osono gave birth to a healthy baby and Jiji has become the father of four kittens. In Japanese culture, cats are usually depicted with feminine voices, whereas in American culture their voices are more gender-specific. [7] The film was originally intended to be a 60-minute special, but expanded into a feature film running 102 minutes after Miyazaki completed storyboarding and scripting it. FREE delivery Nov 29 - Dec 5 . ""How soon. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Eight of these planes - the first four-engined aircraft ever built - were commissioned during the 1930s; later they were converted to military use, and all were destroyed by 1941. It was directed by Takashi Shimizu and based on the children's fantasy novel of the same name. Takkybin () in the Japanese film title is a trademark of Yamato Transport. The story ends when Kiki writes a letter home saying that she and Jiji are happy and doing great with her witch skills. Given how it occurs at the end, the dirigible had to be peripheral throughout the story so that the final scene wouldn't be completely out of the blue. Her first delivery goes badly; she is caught in wind and loses the black cat toy she is supposed to deliver. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Due to her disappointment with her new, independent life Kiki loses her optimism, and her powers; however if she can find a new purpose, she will be able to reclaim what she has lost. Another musical, based on Ghibli's film, ran at the Southwark Playhouse in the UK from December 8, 2016 to January 8, 2017. | Mr Bean Funny. Traditionally, witches live alone for a year when they reach the age of 13. Kiki's Delivery Service Full Ost:1. Next to the TV stands a man who looks like director Hayao Miyazaki. Calling for a boycott of The Disney Company, the group said the company is still not family friendly, but continues to have a darker agenda. On September 4, 1998, Entertainment Weekly rated it as Video of the Year, and on September 12, 1998, it was the first video release to be reviewed as a normal film on Siskel and Ebert rather than on the Video Pick of the Week section. Kiki and Jiji (sitting on Kiki's back) flying by the clock tower in Koriko just after arriving. I Can't Fly! It was animated by Studio Ghibli for publisher Tokuma Shoten, Yamato Transport Co. and the Nippon Television Network and distributed by the Toei Company. On September 4, 1998, Entertainment Weekly rated it as Video of the Year, and on September 12, 1998, it was the first video release to be reviewed as a normal film on Siskel and Ebert rather than on the "Video Pick of the Week" section. [42] The changes were approved by Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli. And have you found a place to stay? Kiki is shown to balance both of these qualities. Kokiri () is Kiki's mother and Okino's wife in the film, Kiki's Delivery Service. [68] Other reviews were very positive as well. Oddly, the character appears to have no eyes, nose, mouth, or ears. Kiki's Delivery Service (, Majo no Takkybin, lit. [39] Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Kiki's Delivery Service on Blu-ray Disc on November 18, 2014. We have a spare room you can use. "Magic and painting are a lot alike. Toei Company Fortunately, one of her friends, a young painter named Ursula, invites her to stay in her forest cottage, where she decides Kiki's current crisis is "some form of artist's block." Many of the more dramatic elements, such as Kiki gets atacked by many magpies, losing her powers or the airship incident at the film's climax, were not present in the original story. An English translation was published in 2006 by VIZ Media, in four volumes. In the English dub, the bakery is referred to as Good Cooking Pan Bakery. Hartman's final line which implied that Kiki could understand Jiji again has been removed. The Wind Rises: Jiro Horikoshi Naoko Satomi Giovanni Battista Caproni The film is based on the children's novel of the same name by Eiko Kadono. [12][14] This hardship causes Kiki to realize that being vulnerable does not always lead to failure and can help her learn valuable lessons to better understand herself. She has also lost her flying ability and is forced to suspend her delivery business. [49], However, when Disney re-released the film on DVD in 2010, several elements of the English dub were changed, reverting more towards the original Japanese version. The denouement scenes of the film play out with the credits rolling Surrogate Jiji (Migawari Jiji - )08. A tiny, 13-year-old girl riding on a broom, dropping out of the sky. I draw and draw, and keep drawing. Nausicaa.net Reviews & Articles Archive Chicago Sun-Times, December 27, 1998 by Roger Ebert. In an interview found in the liner notes of the Image Album, Hisaishi explained, "That's right. She has a cat named Jiji. Although it should be pointed out that the hat style was quite popular. Budget Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it "two thumbs up" and Ebert went on to rank it as one of the best animated films of 1989. Katabuchi had worked with Miyazaki on Sherlock Hound; Kiki's Delivery Service would be his directorial debut. When Kiki flies over the ocean by town, she sees the clock tower and meets the Clock Tower Caretaker . Because of her depression, Kiki loses her powers to fly and also to speak with Jiji. The store is known for "Nanjakoya Daifuku" and is located in Miyazaki City, Miyazaki Prefecture. However, it is common for the letter c to be translated as k into many different languages. According to Hayao Miyazaki, "My concept of 'magic' in this film departed from the traditional approach to magic stories. She rushes home and informs her mother, Kokiri (who is working on a potion), that she plans to leave home that very evening instead of the following month as she had originally planned. Nausicaa.net's FAQ on Kiki's Delivery Service, "IBM e-business: jStart Program: Case studies: Web services: Yamato Transport Group", "Akira Anime Film Producer Corrects 30-Year Fact on How Much the Groundbreaking Film Cost to Make", "FAQ // Kiki's Delivery Service // Nausicaa.net", "Kiki's Delivery Service and Grave of the Fireflies Double Play Released Monday (Updated)", "Details for Studio Ghibli's 'Princess Mononoke', 'Kiki's Delivery Service', 'The Wind Rises' on Disney Blu-ray", "Gkids, Studio Ghibli Ink Home Entertainment Deal", "A Magical Journey: Kiki's Delivery Service Blu-Ray Review", "Kiki's Delivery Service Changes, and the 'Dub vs. Sub' Debate", "Otaku World Reviews: Kiki's Delivery Service from Disney", "Stomp Tokyo Video Reviews Kiki's Delivery Service", "Kiki's Delivery Service DVD Review (2010 Special Edition Release)", "Kako haiky shny ji sakuhin 1989-nen", Online Ghibli Kiki's Delivery Service: Review/Synopsis by Doraneko, "Kiki's Delivery Service (Majo no Takkyubin) by Marc Hairston November, 1998", "Kiki's Delivery Service: Credits, Figures & Other Information". The changes were approved by Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli. Miyazaki finished the rough draft of the screenplay in June 1988 and presented it in July 1988. This dub is only available in the Ghibli Laserdisc Box Set. Miyazaki chose Sunao Katabuchi as director. It was adapted by Jessica Sian and directed by Katie Hewitt. The English subtitled script used for the original VHS subbed release and the later DVD release more closely adheres to the Japanese script, but still contains a few alterations. The character design position was given to Katsuya Kondo, who was working with Miyazaki on Totoro. [18], Kiki has also been compared to other characters in Miyazaki's films. They are able to make the switch easily with the help of Jeff and return home. Kiki warms to Tombo but is intimidated by his friends, and walks home. On the night of Kiki's departure, she offered her . Kiki's Delivery Service ( Majo no Takkybin, lit. Kiki's Delivery Service on DVD from Criterion: A Pipe Dream? Category:Kiki's Delivery Service cast. Katsuya Kondo and Shinji Otsuka were also greatly involved during production. The most recent was published in January 2022. And there'll be no one to carry on my medicine-making. It was at this time that Miyazaki revealed that he had decided to direct the film, because he had influenced the project so much. Before long, Kiki decides to open her own courier service by broomstick, beginning her journey to independence. At the end of the film when Kiki overcomes her personal challenges, she is still unable to understand Jiji, signifying her newfound maturity and wisdom. Hayao Miyazaki A Very Busy Kiki (Ooisogashi no Kiki - )10. Upon the release of the English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service by Disney which had its theatrical premiere at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 23, 1998. 34th Shogakukan Award for Children's Literature, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:55. Kiki's Delivery Service (Original Soundtrack) ( , Majo no Takkyuubin Santora Ongaku-shuu) was released by Animage Records and Tokuma Japan Communications on August 25, 1989. The company not only approved the use of its trademark, though its permission was not required under Japanese trademark laws, but also enthusiastically sponsored the film, as the company uses a stylized depiction of a black mother cat carrying her kitten as its corporate logo. A cast recording was produced by the original cast, and the show was revived in 1995 and 1996. As the radio reports that the helium within the dirigible is not likely to explode, Kiki takes a street sweeper's push-broom and regains her flying power and flies towards Tombo. In Japanese culture, cats are usually depicted with feminine voices, whereas in American culture their voices are more gender-specific. Tombo not only has a strong respect for Kiki's flying abilities, but also a strong liking for her as a girl. The depiction of the cat, Jiji, is changed significantly in the Disney version. A young witch, on her mandatory year of independent life, finds fitting into a new community difficult while she supports herself by running an air courier service.A young witch, on her mandatory year of independent life, finds fitting into a new community difficult while she supports herself by running an air courier service.A young witch, on her mandatory year of independent life, finds fitting into a new community difficult while she supports herself by running an air courier service. Jiji - Kiki's Delivery Service (1989) Mug, Standard Mug 11 oz Premium Quality printed coffee mug - Unique Gifting ideas for Friend/coworker/loved ones. Watch Kiki's Delivery Service: Special Edition, The four-engined biplane (more precisely, sesquiplane) that Kiki sees during the opening credits is a real aircraft, the Handley-Page HP42. From the legendary Studio Ghibli, creators of Spirited Away and Ponyo, and Academy Award-winning director Hayao Miyazaki, comes the beloved coming-of-age story of a resourceful young witch who uses her broom to create a delivery service, only to lose her gift of . However, Kiki discovers that her only skill as a witch is her ability to fly a broom, at which she is still not fully proficient. External links This video release also sold over a million copies. "I wasn't really aware of that, but for example, there was a Greek-like nuance", "Yes. The second appears to occur during the rolling of the credits in the Japanese version. [15], In relation to Kiki's portrayal as a witch, some have drawn comparisons to historical or contemporary views on witches and witchcraft. In attempting to find her place among the townsfolk, Kiki brings with her exciting new experiences and comes to understand the true meaning of responsibility. The Russian version was released in 2018 and the French one in 2019. Language She lives with her family in the town of Karikiya. The first official English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service was produced by Carl Macek of Streamline Pictures at the request of Tokuma Shoten for Japan Airlines' international flights. Disney released Kiki's Delivery Service on blu-ray on November 18, 2014. ""It's the fault of the times. Nausicaa.net's FAQ on Kiki's Delivery Service, http://www.iip.or.jp/e/translation/ono/index.html. The Disney dub contains a memorial scene for Phil Hartman as he played the role of. [58] Buena Vista Home Video's VHS release in 1998 became the 8th most-rented title at Blockbuster stores during its first week of availability. Written by ]: Universal Publishers, ISBN 1612339484, Camp, Brian (2007), Anime Classics Zettai! Later, Kiki becomes a local celebrity and flies in formation with Tombo on his human-powered aircraft, a propeller-rigged bicycle. "List of award-winning films at the 13th Japan Academy Awards", "Credits // Kiki's Delivery Service // Nausicaa.net". The city depicted in the film freely interwove scenes and architecture from Stockholm and Gotland Island in Visby, Sweden, all of which were filmed by Ghibli staff during a research trip. Miyazaki began significantly modifying the story, creating new ideas and changing existing ones. [4] Walt Disney Pictures produced an English dub in 1997, which premiered in United States theaters at the Seattle International Film Festival[5] on May 23, 1998. Kiki's Delivery Service ( Majo no Takkybin, translated "Witch's Delivery Service") is a 1989 Japanese animated fantasy film written, produced, and directed by Hayao Miyazaki.
Disability James, Viscount Severn 2020,
Riddick Turner Family,
Is Lotto From 8 Mile A Real Rapper,
Soar Transportation Drug Test,
Why Did General Burgoyne's Plan Fail,
Articles K