The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. Questions? Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. It did not affect Maryland. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! Throughout the War units [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. South Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. The earthworks were removed by 1869. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. The site was occupied in the middle to late nineteenth century near the present day Maryland Department of Natural Resources Management Area at Benedict. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. Civil War veterans did it differently. The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. This is a PowerPoint lecture. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. The sirens whistled. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. [citation needed]. Webcivil war sword union soldier 15,480 Civil War Camp Premium High Res Photos Browse 15,480 civil war camp stock photos and images available, or search for civil war sword or union soldier to find more great stock photos and pictures. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. I don't want to issue a document the whole world will see must be inoperative, like the Pope's Bull against a comet. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. 1864. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. 51-52. While Union forces were able to gain control of the mountain, they could not stop Lee from regrouping and setting the The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (nps.gov) parallels the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., to Antietam. See chart and explanation, p. 550. Learn about the Underground Railroad Movement by seeing short dramatic portraits of those involved (and some opposed), both anonymous and known. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. And then theres that Chambersburg thing. His grandson didnt want to talk about it. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. It was actually two miles downriver in a placid, sandy-bottomed part of the Potomac on John Rowzees farm. Anxious about the risk of secessionists capturing Washington, D.C., given that the capital was bordered by Virginia, and preparing for war with the South, the federal government requested armed volunteers to suppress "unlawful combinations" in the South. civil War original matches. Maryland businessmen feared the likely loss of trade that would be caused by war and the strong possibility of a blockade of Baltimore's port by the Union Navy. WebEmerging Civil War Series. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. Visit places and meet people who faced decisions and experienced wartime during those tumultuous times 150 years ago. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War But the markers, and history, misplace the site. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. [citation needed] However, the constitution secured ratification once the votes of Union army soldiers from Maryland were included. History To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one Modern estimates place the total deaths close to 1,000 men, however, period assessments varied greatly. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. Andersonville was more than eight times over-capacity at its peak. WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932.
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